Ebola fever

Ebola: an acute and deadly infectious disease

Ebola fever is one of the most famous and dangerous infectious diseases caused by a virus that belongs to the rhabdovirus family, genus Lyssavirus. This highly contagious disease is characterized by a severe course, high mortality and the development of hemorrhagic syndrome, which makes it one of the most dangerous diseases for humans.

Etiology and pathogenesis

The causative agent of Ebola fever, the Ebola virus, was first isolated in 1976 in central Africa, the first known recorded epidemic of the disease. The Ebola virus is morphologically similar to the Marburg virus, but differs from it antigenically.

The gates of infection are the mucous membranes of the respiratory tract and microtraumas of the skin. The infection is characterized by rapid generalization with the development of intoxication and thrombohemorrhagic syndrome.

Symptoms and course

The incubation period of Ebola fever lasts from 4 to 21 days. The disease begins acutely, patients are bothered by severe headaches, muscle pain, diarrhea, and abdominal pain. Somewhat later, a dry cough and stabbing pain in the chest appear, and signs of dehydration develop. On days 5-7 of illness, a macular rash appears, after which the skin peels and peels.

Hemorrhagic syndrome manifests itself in the form of nosebleeds, bloody vomiting, uterine bleeding, and miscarriage occurs in pregnant women. A blood test reveals neutrophilic leukocytosis, thrombocytopenia, and anemia. Death usually occurs in the 2nd week of illness due to bleeding and shock.

Diagnosis

Recognition of Ebola fever is based on epidemiological prerequisites (stay in an endemic area, contact with patients, etc.) and characteristic clinical symptoms. Specific laboratory tests are allowed only in specially equipped laboratories.

Treatment and prevention

There is currently no specific treatment for Ebola. Only symptomatic treatment is carried out, aimed at maintaining the vital functions of the body. Prevention is carried out as with other particularly dangerous fevers (Lassa, Marburg) and includes the following measures:

1. Isolation of sick and contact persons
2. Use of personal protective equipment when working with patients and their bodies (masks, gloves, protective suits)
3. Maintaining good hand and surface hygiene
4. Disinfection of premises and objects in contact with patients.

It is important to note that Ebola is a very dangerous and fatal disease, so it is necessary to take precautions and promptly consult a doctor if symptoms appear.