Lower tubercle [Tuberculum Intervenosum (Loweri), Bna; R. Lower, 1631-1691, English. Vra]

The lower tubercle or intervenous tubercle (Latin Tuberculum intervenosum, English Lower’s tubercle) is a small protrusion on the surface of a vein that can occur as a result of inflammation or injury. It is a small bump on the wall of the vein that appears as a result of the formation of a blood clot or inflammation of the vein. Lower's tubercle is named after the English physician Robert Lower, who described it in 1681.

Lower tubercle is one of the most common vein diseases. It can be caused by a variety of reasons, including infections, injuries, tumors and other diseases. Symptoms of a lower bump may include pain, swelling and redness in the area of ​​the vein where the bump is located, as well as general fatigue and malaise.

Treatment for Lower's tubercle may include medications such as antibiotics or anticoagulants, as well as surgical removal of the tubercle. In some cases, treatment may not be effective and the affected vein may need to be completely replaced.

It is important to remember that lower tubercle can lead to serious consequences such as thrombosis, embolism and even death. Therefore, if you notice symptoms of Lower's tubercle, you should consult a doctor for diagnosis and treatment.

Lower's tubercles ("Intervenous" or "Lower's protrusion") are changes on the lateral wall of the proximal femoral vein (femoral vein). The femoral vein is located between the thigh muscles and the popliteal fossa (the network of soft tissue that forms the pits for the muscles), and is not superficial. Gravity causes vascular compression, so pressure within the wall can be caused by body weight itself and extravascular compression (unfortunately, there are several names for this phenomenon).

It is located between the lateral head of the fiber of the rectus abdominis muscle, well contoured on both the medial and lateral sides, and the medial head of the gastrocnemius muscle. Often the tubercle is given an even more specific name - the saphenous vein of the lateral femoral canal, but there is an opinion that in the described area there is no saphenous vein at all. Depending on the degree of development of compression, three types of deformation are distinguished: * Tubercular deformation: occurs in the cross-sectional area of ​​varicose (congestive) venous expansion. This is the softest of all forms; * Membrane compaction or ovality: appears as pressure increases; * Dominant tubercular cone: the most common form, characterized by the presence of a single strong variotomy that follows the wall of the femoral vein. The pressure is so intense that a noticeable erythematous band of increased pigmentation and a spontaneous loop of skin is formed at some distance from the knee. When lengthening the loop