Microclimate

Microclimate is the climate of limited, small areas of the earth's surface, different from the usual meteorological conditions characteristic of a given climatic zone (microclimate of oases in the desert, clearings in the forest, gorges, valleys, etc.). Microclimate is also called climatic conditions created artificially on a limited space of the earth's surface (greenhouses, conservatories, hotbeds, artificial reservoirs, etc.), in closed residential and industrial premises, as well as in transport, in spacecraft and orbital stations.

Microclimate is characterized by a complex of physical factors and their combinations (temperature, humidity, air movement, atmospheric pressure, lighting, etc.), which have a certain impact on the human body, its condition, ability to work, well-being, mood and health. The microclimate depends, in particular, on the terrain.

Slopes of elevations oriented to the south are better heated by the sun, so the northern slopes are colder than the southwestern and southern ones, the western slopes are warmer than the eastern ones. The air temperature varies significantly over high and low places. Typically, in lowlands the air is colder and more humid, so the microclimate of such places is less favorable for health. The terrain affects the strength and direction of the wind and determines air movement.

The quality of the soil has a certain influence on the microclimate. Rocky soils, when very heated, give off a lot of heat to the air; sandy soil and the air above it become very hot during the day and quickly cool down at night; Dark soils absorb more solar energy than light soils, so they heat up more. Vegetation and open water bodies moderate the temperature in the hot summer.

Taking into account microclimatic conditions and terrain features is necessary to solve many issues related to the choice of territories for the construction of housing, settlements, sanatoriums, holiday homes, pioneer camps, sports facilities, when solving urban planning problems, etc.

The microclimate of indoor spaces depends on the climatic factors of the outdoor atmosphere, which must be taken into account when designing, choosing building materials, types of fuel, heating systems, ventilation and their operating modes. The creation of an artificial microclimate is aimed at neutralizing unfavorable climatic factors and providing the most favorable stable working and living conditions for people.

To create an artificial microclimate, various methods and means are used: design and construction of residential and industrial premises, taking into account the climatic conditions of the location areas and the terrain; installation of air conditioning systems and devices, etc.

What is microclimate? Microclimate is the climate that can be experienced in a relatively small space, such as a room or a separate work area. It includes environmental conditions such as temperature, humidity, barometric pressure and air speed that affect the comfort and health of occupants.