A micromanometer is a device designed to measure small pressure differences. It is used in various fields of science and technology such as medicine, biology, physics and chemistry.
Micromanometers can be built on various operating principles, for example, based on the piezoelectric effect, hydrodynamic effect or the principle of capillary forces. They can have different measuring ranges and accuracies, depending on the requirements of a particular application.
One of the most common types of micromanometers is the capillary micromanometer, which is based on the capillary effect. It consists of two tubes, one of which is filled with liquid and the other with air. When the pressure in one of the tubes increases, liquid begins to rise through the capillary, which causes the level of liquid in the other tube to change. This effect is used to measure small pressure differences.
Another type of micromanometer is the piezoelectric micromanometer. It is based on the piezoelectric effect, which is the fact that some materials, such as quartz, are able to change their size when an electric field is applied. When an electrical signal is applied to a piezoelectric, it can change its shape and, accordingly, change the distance between two points on its surface. This effect can be used to measure small changes in the distance between two points.
In addition, there are optical micromanometers, which are based on changes in the optical properties of a material when its shape or size changes. For example, changing the size of a material can change its refractive index, which can be used to measure short distances.
Overall, micromanometers are very useful tools for measuring small pressures and distances in various sciences and technologies. They have a wide range of applications, ranging from medical research to industrial processes.