Mononuclear cell

Cells Mononuclear cell (from Latin monus - one and other Greek nucleus - nucleus) is the name of cells in the cytoplasm of which there is one nucleus. For medical purposes, it is common to use the terms “monocyte” or “mononuclear cell” because morphologically, monocytes and monocytic cells differ from other nucleated cells (lymphocytes, neutrophils). Monocytes (macrophages) are clonally proliferating cells capable of differentiating into macrophages. As macrophages, monocytes phagocytose bacteria, particles, and animal and human tissue remains and perform immune functions. Monocytes are contained in peripheral blood in a concentration of 0.03 – 0.09%. In the circulation there are both circulating monocyte-monocyte heterogeneous populations, and circulating lymphomonocytic and lymphomonocyte-lymphoid preheterogeneous populations. After the formation of monocytes in the bone marrow, the maximum monocyte-containing population occurs in the age window of approximately 20-24 years. The bloodstream contains mainly monocytes that form in the bone marrow. Monocytes are capable of producing various classes of immunoglobulins and respond to various antigens with granules containing microbicidal molecules. Acute monocytes destroy tuberculosis bacteria and prevent the regeneration of liver tissue after infection with hepatitis viruses. Manifestations of reduced monocyte function are immunodeficiency disorders, which are associated with atrophy of monocyte-containing bone marrow populations.