Muscle, Longitudinal Lower Tongue (M. Longitudinalis Inferior Linguae, Pna, Bna)

The inferior longitudinal tongue muscle is one of the muscles that is located in the lower part of the tongue. It is responsible for moving the tongue down and forward. This muscle is located between the undersurface of the tongue and the hyoid bone.

The superior longitudinal tongue muscle is also called the inferior transverse tongue muscle. It is located under the inferior longitudinal muscle and is responsible for moving the tongue backward and upward.

**Muscle of the tongue - muscle fibers running in the longitudinal direction and forming the lateral mass of the tongue.**

The muscles of the tongue surround the tongue on all sides and are divided into transverse, longitudinal and oblique. Sometimes a special circular muscle is isolated in the center of the tongue. All muscles of the tongue form a single functional complex, acting on the tongue as a rigid formation. Thanks to this complex system of movements, speech sounds are articulated.

**The following muscles of the tongue are distinguished:**

- transverse circumferential (mm. transversei superficiales et profundi); - longitudinal longitudinal (lower surface mm. obliquus inferior et dorsalis superior), which is located between the transverse and deep muscles; - convex oblique (on the side of the front part of the deep dorsal muscle in the form of two muscles; this is also m. obliquis superior et inferior posterior);

In the transverse direction, superficial (m. transversi superficialis) and deep (m. transversus profundus) muscles are distinguished; they are each divided into two muscle bundles, pass on either side of the midline and adjoin it on the sides of the tongue. The deepest of both superficial muscle layers is the longitudinal layer (upper and lower); all muscles have one common tendon and lie under the periosteum. The superficial layer may be a separate muscle layer. In their course, all the rectus muscles of the tongue cross it and intersect with each other, sometimes taking an oblique orientation in the middle part. The longitudinal external muscles of the superficial layer have the shape of a triangle, the base of which is adjacent to the periphery of the tongue, and the lateral surfaces face each other