Periosteum

Article: "Periosteum: importance and features"

Periosteum (or periosteum, peristenium) is a layer of tissue that covers the bony structures of the human body. It performs a number of important functions that are necessary to maintain healthy bones. This article talks about the importance of the periosteum, its structure and functions.

Description of the periosteum The periosteum is the outer covering of the bone. It is made up of connective tissue and cells that support the structure of the bone and protect it from damage. The periosteum is about 2 mm thick and is located inside the bone. There are two main forms of periosteum: external and internal. The external periosteum is located on the surface of the bone and covers its outer surface. The internal supracap covers the inside of the bone and connects to the external supracutaneous.

Functions of the cuticle - Protective function. The periosteum protects the bone from external damage such as impacts, fractures, and infections. - Keeping fit. The outer periosteum helps maintain the shape and structure of the bone, preventing its deformation. - Providing mechanical support. The brace helps maintain and stimulate bone growth, which is especially important for children and adults during periods of active growth. - Formation of blood vessels and nerves. Blood vessels and nerve endings pass through the notch, which provide nutrition and nerve support to the bone tissue.

The external and internal supracistines differ not only in their anatomical location, but also in their physiological significance. The internal bones have dense connective tissue, with a large number of cellular elements. Permeated with a network of tiny vessels containing a significant amount of protein-rich lymphoid and adipose tissue; they serve a primarily supportive function, and their deposition gives bones the ability to withstand the significant stresses to which they are subjected during growth. On the skin side it is covered with a thin layer of loose fibrous tissue. The external pericosteum differs from the internal pericosteum in less pronounced blood circulation, a slightly more sparse connective tissue structure and greater thickness (2–4 mm in children, and no more than 0.5 mm in adults). Between the outer and inner suprastinum, a transition area is distinguished - a growth zone, where epithelial cells with growing protoplasm are located, giving growth to the entire bone area. Due to the increased blood flow in this zone (blood vascularity is better expressed here in children), differentiation of elements into bone and cartilaginous types occurs. Part of the connective tissue at the sites of its removal is destroyed by growing bone callus