Нейрогипофиз (Neurohypophysis)

Neurohypophysis is the posterior lobe of the pituitary gland, which is one of the most important organs of the endocrine system. The pituitary gland is a small gland located in the brain that controls many body functions. It consists of two lobes - anterior and posterior, which perform different functions.

The posterior lobe of the pituitary gland, or neurohypophysis, originates from the neurodermis. It is made up of neurons and nerve fibers that originate from the hypothalamus, the part of the brain that controls many body functions, including temperature, appetite and emotions.

The neurohypophysis produces and releases two important hormones - vasopressin and oxytocin. Vasopressin, also known as antidiuretic hormone, controls fluid levels in the body by regulating the amount of water that the kidneys remove from the body. Oxytocin, on the other hand, plays an important role in labor and lactation.

The posterior lobe of the pituitary gland also plays an important role in regulating blood pressure and heart rate, as well as controlling some functions of the digestive system.

Impaired function of the neuropituitary gland can lead to various diseases such as diabetes insipidus, which is characterized by excessive thirst and frequent urination, or pituitary insufficiency, which can lead to low hormone levels and various symptoms such as fatigue, weakness and weight loss.

In general, the neurohypophysis is an important organ of the endocrine system that plays an important role in regulating many body functions. Knowledge about its functions and role can help in treating various diseases and maintaining health.