Ноготь (Nail, Unguis)

Nail (Nail, Unguis) is a derivative of the epidermis, a horny plate consisting of keratin and lying on the connective tissue nail bed on the dorsal surface of the terminal phalanx of each finger and toe (see figure). The outer part of the nail is called the body, and its back part is called the root. The white area located at the base of the nail body and shaped like a crescent is called the nail lunula. Nail growth occurs by dividing the growth layer of the nail matrix - the epithelium of the nail bed in the root area (matrix). The growing nail protrudes forward above the nail bed. The nail is limited at the base and sides by a nail fold; the nail sticks into the cracks located between the bed and the roller. The root of the nail lies in the posterior nail fissure, the body lies on the nail bed, and the free edge protrudes beyond it (ed.). The epidermis of the nail fold, located behind the root of the nail, is called the eponychium (cponychium) (it forms a thin film at the base of the nail). Anatomical name: nail (unguis).

The nail is a derivative of the epidermis, a horny plate consisting of keratin lying on the connective tissue of the nail bed on the dorsal surface of the terminal phalanx of each finger and toe. The outer part is called the body and the back part is called the root. The white area located at the base and shaped like a half moon is called the nail lunula. Nail growth occurs by dividing the growth layer of the nail matrix of the epithelium of the nail bed in the root area. Growing nail protruding forward above the nail bed. The nail is bounded at the base and on the sides by the nail fold by the nail fold epithelium located behind the root.

Nail: description and function

The nail is a derivative of the epidermis (epithelium), which is a horny plate consisting of keratin. Lies on the nail bed in the dorsal part of the terminal phalanges of the fingers and toes. The body of the nail is covered with the outer epidermis (epidermis) and has the shape of a crescent in the growth zone. Nails are capable of growing throughout a person’s life. This occurs due to cell division in the nail matrix (growth layer), which is located under the nail plate. The surface of the nails is covered with a protective epidermal pad - the eponychium. The eponychium also protects the “root” of the nail from damage, which is not so densely covered with the epionychium. If the nail receives damage (for example, injuries or cut fingers), then it is protected by the eponychia from external factors. During mechanical action on the nail plate, cell particles are immersed in the main tissue of the nail plate and move to one edge, forming a new plate. In order for the overgrown cells to be distributed evenly over the entire area of ​​the nail, the nail plate begins to move the cuticle forward over time. Therefore, it is very important to take care of your nails, because a beautiful nail shape not only makes your hands aesthetically attractive, but also protects our fingers, which are designed to perform very important functions.