Occupational Diseases Caused by Overstrain of Individual Organs and Systems

DISEASES OF THE MUSTOCULAR SYSTEM AND PROFESSIONAL ACTIVITY

Diseases of the musculoskeletal system are often found among workers in industries such as construction, mining, mechanical engineering and others, as well as in agriculture. The reasons are chronic functional overstrain, microtraumatization and the performance of fast, similar movements.

The most common diseases of the muscles, ligaments and joints of the upper extremities are: myositis, crepitant tenosynovitis of the forearm, stenosing ligamentitis, epicondylitis, bursitis, deforming osteoarthritis, periarthrosis of the shoulder joint, spinal osteochondrosis. They occur subacutely, have a recurrent or chronic course.

The diagnosis is made based on a thorough analysis of working conditions and exclusion of other causes. It is important to establish a connection between exacerbations and the load on certain muscle groups when performing specific operations.

Treatment is carried out according to generally accepted regimens using physiotherapy, NSAIDs, blockades, massage, exercise therapy, and acupuncture. Transfer to lighter work and rational employment are recommended.

PROFESSIONAL DYSKINESIA

Occurs in people with professions that require precise coordination and fast movements (musicians, telegraph operators). The reason is a violation of the coordinated reflex activity of the motor analyzer.

Characteristic damage to the function of the working hand. Develops slowly, with a feeling of fatigue and weakness in the arm. Later, weakness or cramps appear in individual fingers.

The diagnosis is made taking into account characteristic coordination disorders and work characteristics. Treatment: rest from work, massage, exercise therapy, psychotherapy. The prognosis is unfavorable. A change of profession is recommended.

OCCUPATIONAL POLYNEUROPATHIES

Occurs when exposed to vibration, intoxication, cold, or overexertion of the hands. The reason is damage to nerve fibers and impaired microcirculation.

Symptoms: pain and paresthesia in the hands, swelling, cyanosis, hypothermia of the fingers, hyperhidrosis, trophic disorders. Over time, weakness and muscle atrophy increase.

The diagnosis is based on data on exposure to harmful factors. Treatment: elimination of harmful factors, drugs to improve microcirculation, vitamins, physiotherapy. Transfer to another job and preventive treatment are indicated.