Insular Region

The insular region (or insular region, from the Latin insula - island) is a region of the brain that is located in the anterior part of the hemispheres and consists of many small islands separated by deep fissures. It plays an important role in the processing of sensory information, especially auditory and visual information, as well as in the regulation of movements.

The insular region is composed of several parts, including the ventral and dorsal insular cortex, the medial and lateral insular gyrus, and the insula. Each of these areas has its own function and is associated with specific areas of the brain.

The ventral insular cortex is responsible for processing sensory information and regulating movement. It is connected to motor areas of the brain, such as the precentral gyrus, and is involved in voluntary movements such as walking, speaking, or writing.

The dorsal insular cortex is associated with visual processing and is involved in the perception of shape, color, and depth of objects. It is also connected to the paramedial cortex, which is involved in processing emotions and motivation.

The medial insular gyrus is associated with the processing of olfactory information and is involved in olfactory reactions. The lateral insular gyrus is involved in auditory processing and emotional processing.

The insula is the oldest part of the insular region and is involved in the regulation of respiration and heart rate. It is also associated with the processing of emotional information and is involved in the formation of emotions such as fear, joy or anger.

Additionally, the insula is connected to other brain regions, including the hippocampus, amygdala, thalamus, and reticular formation. This allows the insular region to play an important role in the regulation of homeostasis, adaptation to environmental changes and the formation of emotional reactions.

Thus, the insular region plays an important role in processing sensory and emotional information, regulating movements, and adapting to changing environmental conditions.

In modern science there is the concept of an island region. This is a relatively new and not yet fully defined area of ​​neuroscience and neurophysiology, studying various aspects of the functioning and structural interaction of the simplest types of neurons.

The main approaches to studying the insular regions are based on anatomy, functionality, neural connections, plasticity and anomalies of the central nervous system, as well as the use of modern research methods.

One of the first works on the study of the insular lobe was an article by Hanon, called the “insular region of the brain.” Subsequently, thanks to the work of neurologists and neurosurgeons, all the known and unknown properties of this