Pterygoid process

The pterygoid process is a paired large process that extends from the body of the sphenoid bone. It is divided into two processes: medial and lateral. Between them there is a pterygoid notch.

Functions

The pterygoid process performs several functions. It serves to attach the masticatory muscles, which are responsible for the movement of the lower jaw. It is also involved in the formation of the temporomandibular joint, one of the most complex joints in the body.

In addition, the pterygoid process plays an important role in respiration. It participates in the formation of the airways, connecting the nasal cavity with the pharynx. Thanks to this process, ventilation of the lungs and exchange of gases between the atmosphere and blood occurs.

Also, the pterygoid process can be involved in digestive processes. In some cases, it may serve as the attachment point for the esophagus or stomach.

In general, the pterygoid process is an important anatomical structure that has many functions and plays an important role in many processes in the body.

The pterygoid process is a paired large process of the sphenoid sinus, branching from the medial part of the sphenoid. Covered with bone and containing a shank and a head. The shank has a medial direction of growth. The head is directed towards the middle third of the base of the skull, which is why it does not form on the lateral surfaces of the sphenoid body. On the wedge-shaped bottom, along the medial-lateral surfaces, there are 4 grooves. The lower one expands into the unpaired pterygoid fossa. However, the latter may be missing. In the upper large unpaired fossa there is a depression - the pterygopalatine fossa. On the front cli