Pancreas gland

The pancreas is a mixed endocrine and exocrine gland, about 15 cm long, located behind the stomach. Its head is located inside the horseshoe of the duodenum, and its tail reaches the spleen. The pancreas contains acini, which produce pancreatic juice. It contains a large number of enzymes involved in digestion: proteolytic trypsinogen and chymotrypsinogen, amylolytic amylase, glycosidase, lipase, etc. This juice enters the main pancreatic duct through the duct system, which connects to the common bile duct and flows into the lumen of the duodenum. The pancreas also contains the islets of Langerhans - isolated groups of cells that secrete the hormones insulin and glucagon into the bloodstream, regulating protein, carbohydrate and lipid metabolism.

The pancreas (Pancreas), or pancreas, is a mixed gland that performs the functions of both internal and external secretion. It is located behind the stomach and is approximately 15 centimeters long.

The head of the pancreas is located inside the horseshoe of the duodenum, and the tail reaches the spleen. The gland contains acines, which synthesize pancreatic juice - a liquid containing many enzymes, such as proteolytic trypsinogens and chymotrypsinogens, amylases, glycosidases and lipases. This juice passes through a system of ducts, connects with the main pancreatic duct, which flows into the common bile duct and exits into the lumen of the duodenum.

In addition, the pancreas contains the islets of Langger, isolated groups of endocrine cells that secrete the hormones insulin and glucogen. Insulin regulates blood sugar levels, and glucagon regulates the metabolism of fats and carbohydrates.

The pancreas plays an important role in digestion and is a key organ in regulating metabolism. Dysfunction of the pancreas can lead to various diseases, such as diabetes, pancreatitis and others. Therefore, it is important to monitor the health of the pancreas and take measures to protect it.

The pancreas is one of the most important glands in our body. It plays a key role in digestion and also has the unique ability to produce hormones needed to regulate our energy and metabolism. In this article we will look at the anatomical and physiological significance of the pancreas, as well as its secretory mechanisms and role in many biochemical processes in our body.

Anatomical structure:

The pancreas is a mixed gland of internal and external secretion. This means that it combines both an exocrine function (secretion) and an endocrine effect (secretion of hormones). Externally, it has the shape of a horseshoe and protrudes from the bottom of the abdominal cavity. The gland itself has two types of tissue: parenchymal cells and endocrine tissue.

Parenchymal cells, also known as acines, are the main secretory cells of the gland. They play an important role in the production and secretion of pancreatic juice, which contains enzymes such as proteases, enterokinases and amylases. All of these enzymes are essential for normal digestion and are involved in breaking down nutrients into simpler compounds that can then be absorbed by the intestines.

The endocrine apparatus of the gland consists of millions of small groups of cells (islets of Langerhantz) located in the central parts