Paraphasia Literal

Literal paraphasia - (from the Latin litteralis - letter) is a type of speech error in which one letter or syllable is replaced in a word by another letter or syllable.

With literal paraphasia, the number of letters and syllables in a word is preserved, but its sound composition is distorted. For example, instead of the word “table” they say “table”, instead of “book” they say “circle”.

Such errors are common in aphasia caused by brain lesions. The cause of literal paraphasia may be a violation of the perception and reproduction of the phonemic composition of words.

Literal paraphasia differs from verbal paraphasia, in which a word is replaced with another, consonant word, but the correct pronunciation of sounds is preserved.

**Paraphasia** is a speech disorder that involves using an inappropriate or incorrect word, phrase, or phrase. With paraphasia, a person, instead of the desired word, can use a word that is similar in sound or meaning, but not what he wanted to say. This error may be the result of stress, fatigue, hearing loss, or another speech problem.

Literal paraphasia is a type of speech disorder that occurs when a person mispronounces or swallows certain letters in a word. The word "literal" comes from the Latin littera - letters, and denotes the presence of a letter sequence in words, for example, the letter "t" in the word "therefore". This disorder occurs when a word is not fully pronounced and is then replaced by an incorrect combination of sounds. This can happen involuntarily or consciously.

To study this issue in more detail, we should start with the history of the study of paraphasia in the scientific community. The first scientific study of this phenomenon was carried out in 1896 by the Swedish psychologist Soren. He coined the term "cratology" to describe inaccuracies in pronunciation and the terms they used. The following year, Gustav Freudner expanded the term, describing it as a disorder in the production and use of words. He also conducted a series of experiments in which he measured errors in word production using various methods of phonetic analysis. These studies led to the development of more accurate methods for studying pronunciation disorders, such as the tone method used by Kristen Krause in 1928. This method involves the use of a "tone index" to measure the level of speech impairment.

There are currently many different types of paraphasia. One of them is literal paraphyasia. Its manifestations may not be obvious both to the person himself and to his environment. Literal paraphyasia often affects people who have not received special education or those who are just starting to speak. Paraphyasia can occur due to stress, when working in noise-laden work, often against the background of somatic diseases.

Most often, paraphyasis is an independent defect that occurs when using awkward pronunciation. But it can also form in combination with other diseases, as a variant of the development of paralysis or mental disorder. Paraphysis is most widespread in the scientific community. Scientists have noticed its manifestations for a long time and proposed to classify defects in the pronunciation of sounds and sounds in the spectrum of sound frequencies.