Pathological Affection

Pathological prevalence is a summary indicator of the frequency of various types of diseases, pathological changes in organs and systems from which the examined persons suffer and which are identified during medical examination.

When conducting dispensary observation, the general practitioner sums up the results, identifying the number of diseases among the contingent of persons involved in observation (in this case, these are decreed contingents), and the total frequency of all types of diseases and other pathological conditions. This helps to assess the overall morbidity rate of the population of a particular region as a whole. If the statistical result is multicomponent, then the number of diseases or identified diseases per thousand of the population is calculated.

Pathological prevalence is a statistical feature: the number of people in whose bodies certain diseases or pathological processes are detected. A person can be considered pathologically affected if two or more conditions of different nature and having different clinical pictures are detected (that is, occurring independently of each other). This means that the organ, tissue, or organ system being examined is simultaneously affected by two or more diseases. There is a need to take both patients into account. When a general pathology is established, a healthy person should not be included in the group to be counted. The pathological prevalence of the population is statistically characterized by absolute and relative indicators: by whom, how many, what is the structure of diseases per 1 thousand people; How many cases of the disease are there in one case of all types of pathology? what is the ratio of men and women in the group of patients. For each age group, the incidence rate of chronic diseases is calculated based on the number of people under observation and being treated for diseases of this group. It is determined by dividing the number of sick people in the corresponding group by the total number of this group of people, regardless of the length of their stay in the hospital. It is generally accepted not to take into account the population of foreign consular officers and their families living or working permanently in the republic, as well as persons of other states temporarily staying in the country. When determining the structure (distribution of morbidity among certain groups of diseases), it is important to distinguish between the nosological (etiological) structure of the disease and the structure of morbidity according to individual clinical forms. If we take the etiology of the pathological process as the basis for the classification, we get the so-called nosological structure. Each type of disease is essentially a special nosoform, or syntropheme (nosoculture - author's note). If the types of diseases are ordered according to a generally accepted system, for example, according to the ICD-10 or NOS systems or a unified scheme of temporary disability, then their distribution is the nosological structure. In this way, tables were obtained for calculating the period of disease detection (active detection). The nosological (or etiological) structure indicates how various diseases are distributed among a certain category of patients and represents a form of disease diagnosis. This approach served as the basis for the development of methods for the epidemiological study of diseases, which consist of statistical processing of materials from a questionnaire survey of individual population groups with the subsequent calculation of a number of medical and demographic data. This form of research has found wide application in the public health system, including in the USSR. For example, according to the 1970 population census, about 45% of recorded diseases were respiratory diseases, 15.3% - malignant neoplasms, about 14% - diseases of the blood and hematopoietic organs, injuries and poisoning - 5.2%, infections and parasitic diseases - 17.5%. The spread of diseases in different countries of the world is determined by the level of health of the population and its living conditions. The social and professional composition of the working population is of great importance. In the early stages of an infectious disease, a certain part of the population becomes a virus carrier, that is, patients have not yet had time to isolate the infectious principle. In addition, there are cases when the body is relatively healthy, but hidden forms of the disease still exist. Hidden Hidden