Periphrenic

Periphrenitis: understanding, symptoms and treatment

Periphrenitis is a medical term for inflammation or infection that occurs in the area near the diaphragm. In Greek, "peri" means "around" and "phren" means "diaphragm", with the suffix "-itis" indicating inflammation. Thus, periphrenitis is an inflammatory process that occurs in the surrounding tissues of the diaphragm.

Symptoms of periphrenitis can vary depending on how much of the tissue around the diaphragm is inflamed. However, some common symptoms may include:

1. Pain in the chest or upper abdomen. The pain may be sharp and worsen with movement or deep breathing.
2. Difficulty breathing or feeling short of breath.
3. Fever and general weakness.
4. Loss of appetite and weight loss.
5. Fatigue and feeling tired.

Periphrenitis can be caused by a variety of reasons, including infections, trauma, or surgical complications. Some common causes include pneumonia, abdominal abscesses, or postoperative complications from abdominal or thoracic surgery.

Diagnosis of periphrenitis includes a physical examination, analysis of symptoms, and the patient's medical history. Additional tests may include a chest x-ray, computed tomography (CT) scan, or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to get a more accurate picture of the inflammatory process.

Treatment for periphrenitis usually involves the use of antibiotics to fight the infection. Additional measures may include anti-inflammatory medications to reduce pain and inflammation, as well as supportive measures such as rest and airway hydration.

In some cases, surgery may be required to drain abscesses or remove the source of infection.

It is important to consult a doctor if symptoms consistent with periphrenitis occur in order to receive an accurate diagnosis and appropriate treatment. Delayed treatment or improper management of periphrenitis can lead to complications or worsening of the patient's condition.

In conclusion, periphrenitis is an inflammatory process that occurs in the surrounding tissues of the diaphragm. It is characterized by pain in the chest or upper abdomen, difficulty breathing and fever. Diagnosis includes a physical examination and additional methods such as x-rays and CT scans. Treatment usually includes antibiotics and anti-inflammatory drugs, and in some cases surgery may be required.

It is important to see a doctor immediately if you suspect periphrenitis to get professional medical help. Timely diagnosis and treatment can help prevent complications and promote patient recovery.

However, it is worth noting that this article provides general information only and is not a substitute for consultation with a medical professional. Only a doctor can make an accurate diagnosis and recommend optimal treatment in an individual case.

**Periphrenitis** is inflammation of the visceral layer of the pleura, which develops as a manifestation of systemic pathology, as well as as a complication of other diseases. According to ICD10, the code is J96.0

The peripheral location of the inflammatory process is due to the less reliable diaphragm and intercostal muscles, which act as a valve during breathing, maintaining pressure in the pleural cavity or evacuating air from it. It is this mechanism that is the reason why, in cases of sinus development, the pleuropulmonary communion is more often localized on the right side of the body. Purulent periphrenias in 85% of cases develop as symptoms of cardiovascular pathologies. The likelihood of pathology occurring in men and women is the same. Symptoms of the disease are manifested by: severe fever, sometimes requiring the use of antipyretics, pain in the sternum and pleura; cough and sputum; increase in leukocytes; shortness of breath, which indicates the presence of an inflammatory infectious focus in the patient. Perifunitis, as a rule, occurs in people who have previously had pulmonary tuberculosis. 30% of patients have a history of ectopia, a state of inflammation in which microorganisms spread over the surface of the interpleural phrenodiaphragmatic layer. The spread of the pathological process can affect not only peripheral areas, but also the abdominal cavity. In this case, the disease should be considered as a general infectious process affecting several internal organs at once. Perichiritis in combination with mental status disorders indicates the course of “clown” endocarditis, which is based on the pathological microflora of the heart cavity. Most often, this pathology is observed in the post-infarction period, after thrombotic masses have formed a blood clot in the vessels and disrupted the blood circulation of the brain. The clinical picture of the disease is also characterized by an asymptomatic onset, however, the pathological process requires immediate treatment, since it has a direct impact on the functioning of the cardiovascular system, and if not intervened in time, myocardial infarction may occur. The tuberculous branch, which is one of the components of the lungs and diaphragm, increases due to the growth of the pathogen and inflammation. Considering that a large number of air chambers are associated with the alveoli, the lesion develops more likely in conditions of pulmonary sclerosis. With a long-term inflammatory process, the likelihood of the formation of a mediastinal form of empyema, secondary infiltration of the lung, abscesses, and mycotic forms increases. In addition, the person suffers from hypothermia. The course of the disease at the initial stage may be accompanied by signs of acute pneumonia, which often becomes the basis for unnecessary antibacterial therapy to prevent possible complications, the formation of purulent foci and infections. Timely diagnosis of complications helps to cure the patient quickly and