Phagocytosis

Phagocytosis is the process of engulfing and digesting bacteria, viruses, and other foreign particles by specialized cells of the immune system called phagocytes.

Phagocytosis plays an important role in the body's immune defense. It allows phagocytes to capture and destroy pathogenic microorganisms, thereby preventing the development of infectious diseases.

The process of phagocytosis occurs in several stages:

1. Chemotaxis is the attraction of phagocytes to the site of localization of foreign particles using chemical signals.

2. Adhesion is the attachment of a phagocyte to the surface of a particle.

3. Internalization - the particle is surrounded by outgrowths of the cell membrane and the formation of a phagosome (digestive vacuole).

4. Fusion of a phagosome with a lysosome containing enzymes that destroy a foreign particle.

The main phagocytic cells are neutrophils and macrophages. Phagocytosis allows them to capture and destroy foreign particles ranging in size from 0.5 to 10 microns.

Unlike phagocytosis, pinocytosis involves the absorption of liquid and substances dissolved in it. This process is not specific and does not play a role in immunity.

Phagocytosis is the process of engulfing and digesting foreign particles such as bacteria, cell fragments, and small particles by specialized cells in the body called phagocytes.

Phagocytosis plays an important role in the body's immune defense. It allows phagocytes to capture and destroy pathogens and remove dead or damaged body cells.

The process of phagocytosis consists of several stages:

1. Chemotaxis is the attraction of phagocytes to the site of localization of foreign particles using chemical signals.

2. Adhesion is the attachment of a phagocyte to the surface of a captured particle.

3. Phagocytosis is the surrounding of a particle by the pseudopodia of a phagocyte and the formation of a phagosome, an intracellular vesicle containing a captured particle.

4. Formation of a phagolysosome is the fusion of a phagosome with a lysosome containing hydrolytic enzymes. These enzymes digest the trapped material.

The main phagocytes in the human body are neutrophils and macrophages. In comparison, pinocytosis involves the capture of liquids and solutes, as opposed to solid particles in phagocytosis.

Thus, phagocytosis is an important mechanism of nonspecific immunity, allowing the body to get rid of potentially dangerous foreign agents.

Phagocytosis, that is, the absorption by phagocytes (special cells) of particles carrying antigens unusual for the immune system (bacterial cells, viruses, particles of dead cells of the body itself), and exogenous and endogenous foreign agents is an important mechanism of specific protection against a variety of infectious agents and foreign agents.

Phagocytosis is the process by which cells of living organisms capture and digest various particles, including pathogens. Diseases associated with impaired phagocytosis usually develop due to suppression of inflammatory reactions or impairment of the ability of phagocytes to destroy and absorb pathogenic agents.

Phagocytes - multinucleated leukocytes, macrophages, granulocytes and monocytes - engulf bacteria by chemotaxis. This process often occurs in areas of inflammation and inflammation of surrounding tissues. Before new inflammatory cells appear, old phagocytes capture large protein particles, promoting natural tissue repair. This is a normal baseline level. When this does not occur properly, tissue damage can result.

Pinocytosis is also the name given to the ability of red blood cells to stick molecules together through special protein molecules. Because of this, they are able to increase their size.