Spinal Column: The Foundation of our Body
The spinal column, also known as columna vertebralis, is one of the most important structures in the human body. It not only supports the entire body, but also protects the spinal cord, which is part of the central nervous system. The spinal column is made up of a number of individual bones called vertebrae, which are connected to each other by joints.
In an adult, the spinal column consists of 33-34 vertebrae, although in newborns and children the number of vertebrae may be higher due to the presence of undeveloped vertebrae that fuse over time. The vertebrae are divided into several different groups: cervical (7 vertebrae), thoracic (12 vertebrae), lumbar (5 vertebrae), sacral (5 fused vertebrae) and coccygeal (4-5 fused vertebrae).
Each vertebra consists of a vertebral body and an arch that surrounds the spinal cord and protects it from damage. Between the vertebrae are intervertebral discs that serve as shock absorbers and allow the spine flexibility and mobility. These discs consist of an outer ring called the annulus fibrosus and a gelatinous core that gives the disc its elasticity.
The main functions of the spinal column include supporting the body, transmitting loads, protecting the spinal cord and nerve roots, and providing flexibility and mobility. Thanks to the joints between the vertebrae, the spinal column allows us to move, bend, turn and perform other movements.
However, the spinal column is also susceptible to various problems and diseases. For example, scoliosis, herniated discs, osteochondrosis and osteoporosis can cause pain and limit the mobility of the spine. Correct posture, physical activity, regular back exercises and a healthy lifestyle can help keep your spinal column in good condition and prevent the development of these problems.
In conclusion, the spinal column plays a key role in supporting our body and protecting our spinal cord. This complex structure is made up of many vertebrae, joints and intervertebral discs that work together to provide us with mobility and flexibility. Maintaining a healthy spinal column is an important aspect of taking care of our overall health. Regular exercise, good posture and preventive measures can help us keep our spinal column in optimal condition and provide our body with the full support and protection it needs to live an active and healthy life.