Receptors Visual

Introduction:

Visual receptors (photoreceptors) play an important role in the perception of light and the formation of images. Photoreceptors include rods and cones located in the retina of the eye. They are responsible for sensing light and converting it into electrical signals, which are then transmitted to the brain for information processing.

Mechanism of operation of rods and cones:

Rods and cones are special cells located in the peripheral part of the retina. The rods contain special pigments that absorb red and green light and provide darkness. Cones, on the other hand, have special red and green pigments that allow them to see colors. The pigment penetrating inside reduces the intensity of light, which increases the threshold for excitation of receptors.

Cones are responsible for peripheral vision, such as the discriminative ability to distinguish contrasting objects. Rods also provide twilight vision. Thanks to the presence of two types (rods and cones), both approximate colors and highly differentiated objects can be perceived in the eye.

Peculiarities of color perception by the eye:

In modern science, there are two theories about color: the theory of wavelength and the theory of color additivity of perception. According to the first theory, color is determined by wavelength, and according to the second, it is a mixture of several color shades. Although these theories have different explanations, both approaches are effectively used in design and lighting.

Color perception depends not only on the types of photoreceptors, but also on their number and physiological state. People with color blindness or other visual impairments often encounter color vision problems. Such people