Retroposition

Retroposition (from Latin retro - back and positio - position, installation) is a term in ophthalmology that refers to the displacement of the eyeball back in the orbit.

During retroposition, the eyeball seems to be drawn into the orbit, its anterior pole moves backward. This leads to impaired refraction and accommodation, as well as strabismus.

The causes of retroposition can be congenital (for example, underdevelopment of the orbit) or acquired (traumatic brain injury, inflammatory diseases of the orbit).

Diagnosis of retroposition is based on ophthalmoscopy and echography. Treatment includes surgical correction of the position of the eyeball and orthoptic exercises. With timely treatment, the prognosis is favorable.

Retroposition is the movement of the posterior pole of the retina beyond the foveal fixation zone. The retropositional method of treatment (RMT) was developed and began to be used in the clinic of the Academic Clinic “Eye Diseases” for the conservative treatment of strabismus in children and adolescents by moving the posterior pole of the eyeball to the area of ​​binocular fixation before surgery to eliminate esotropia and esotropic nystagmus. After a preliminary study (including an MRI study of the skull structures), the result of retroposition was recorded by using the UDP in order to identify treatment prospects (specific dynamic indicator). In children over two years of age, RML was performed by repositioning the eye into a position according to the author's recommendations. In particularly severe cases, decompression surgery was performed according to the author’s method. Statistical processing of the results was carried out to establish rational timing of examination and completion of treatment. In the treatment of childhood esotropia, the following additional conservative-operative methods were used, depending on the cause and degree of decompensation. Thus, the analysis and evaluation of more than 365 pediatric observations made it possible in some cases to obtain stable, adequate correction of hypermetamorphosis of the cornea and sclera and, within 4-5 years after completion of the conservative part of treatment, to correct this pathology using PPLC. This contributed to the restoration of amblyopia in this disease to 0.2-0.3 within 6-8 months. The main method of conservative treatment was considered to be retroposition of children's hypermetaphosis due to the severity of damage to its anatomical elements and the lack of sufficient data on surgical intervention. Therefore, if the patient received a full range of effects (