Synovial Membrane

The synovial membrane is a thin membrane lining the inner surface of the joint capsule. It produces synovial fluid, which lubricates joints and nourishes cartilage.

The synovial membrane consists of two layers:

1. Intima is an inner layer consisting of one or two rows of cells. These cells produce hyaluronic acid and other components of synovial fluid.

2. Subintima is an outer connective tissue layer consisting of loose fibrous connective tissue, elastic fibers and fat cells. This layer provides nutrition to the intima.

The main functions of the synovial membrane:

1. Production of synovial fluid that lubricates joints
2. Nutrition of articular cartilage with nutrients
3. Phagocytosis of dead cells and microparticles in the joint cavity
4. Regulation of metabolic processes in the joint

With inflammation and joint injuries (arthritis), changes occur in the synovial membrane, which leads to disruption of its functions. Therefore, maintaining the normal structure and function of the synovial membrane is very important for joint health.