Scotoma

**Scotoma** is a congenital or acquired condition of partial blindness in which part of the visual field remains intact. The affected area may be limited or spread throughout the visual area. As a result of these disorders, various functions of the visual analyzer are disrupted, which leads to a limitation of the field of view and difficulty in visual perception of objects in this area.

Scotomas can be caused by a variety of causes, including genetic disorders, optic nerve injuries, brain diseases, and tumors of the visual areas. The most common are unilateral and symmetrical lesions, which can cause severe visual impairment.

Symptoms of scotoma depend on the nature and size of the lesion. They may appear as a truncated portion of the visual field, visible contrast between normal and damaged areas, loss of certain colors, or other image features. Often patients also have difficulty reading or working with small parts.

One of the most common causes of scotomas is glaucoma, a disease that leads to increased pressure inside the eye and poor blood circulation in the optic nerve. In addition, scotoma can be associated with diseases such as migraine, retrobulbar neuritis, diabetes mellitus, alcoholic encephalopathy and others