Weakness of vision

Weakness of vision and its harmful consequences are caused, on the one hand, by the general nature of the body, in which either dryness or moisture predominates, whether or not due to juices or vapors rising from the body, especially from the stomach, or coldness with or without matter, or heat with or without matter. On the other hand, the cause of weakness of vision may lie in the brain itself after known diseases of the brain that affect the substance of the brain itself or its entire anterior ventricle, such as a compressive blow that blinds the eye or affects part of it. Most of the cases mentioned are due to the predominance of moisture or dryness, which appears after illness, after excessive movements, bodily and mental, after excessive evacuation, weakening strength and drying out matter.

Weakness of vision also depends on the optic pneuma itself and the organs in contact with it, for example, from the hollow nerves, from the humors and membranes of the eye. The optic pneuma sometimes thins out, thickens, thickens or becomes scarce. An abundance of pneuma is better and more useful. Liquefaction often occurs from dryness, and sometimes due to rarefaction that occurs when looking at the sun or similar brightly luminous objects. Sometimes excessive accumulation of the optic pneuma leads to its compression, as a result of which the pneuma first becomes denser and then becomes very rarefied. This happens when you stay in the dark for a long time. The thickening of the pneuma is caused by moisture and occurs as a result of its large accumulation, but not so large as to suddenly bring the nature of the pneuma into a rarefied state. Sometimes the cause of both conditions is from birth. The paucity of the optic pneuma also occurs from birth, and at times it occurs as a result of great dryness, copious bowel movements, great weakness of the anterior part of the brain, severe illness or the approach of death, when the optic pneuma disappears.

As for the weakness and disorder arising from the membranes of the eyes, for the most part they are caused by the outer membranes, without the participation of those lying deeper. And the reason lies either in the substance of the shell or in its passages. The reason that lies in the shell itself arises from bad nature, which in turn is mostly caused by the accumulation of vapors or excess moisture in the shell that comes into contact with it; or the cause may be desiccation, dryness, lack of food and self-care, as well as the formation of wrinkles, which occurs especially on the grape and cornea; or the cause is damage to the surface of the cornea with obvious or hidden traces of ulcers, as well as the experience of repeated inflammation of the eye, which destroys the transparency of the shell; the penetration of foreign dye into the membrane, for example, the penetration of yellow paint into the cornea in jaundice or red in hemorrhage, or the disappearance of natural color, as happens with the grape skin, when it becomes more transparent and allows light to suppress the power of vision and dissipate the visual pneuma. Sometimes drying and heating occurs because air and light act on moisture. Sometimes thinning of the cornea occurs due to accidental corrosion - then the passage of light through it does not occur gradually, but on the contrary, light immediately penetrates the icy moisture. Or a hymen forms on the connective membrane, such as the pterygoid hymen, or swelling and thickening of the vessels of the membranes, such as with pannus.

As for disorders in the optic opening and in the passage, they arise from the fact that the optic opening is unusually narrowed for reasons that we will mention in its place, or it expands. The optic opening sometimes closes completely or partially, as in cataracts. We will mention this in separate paragraphs. Weakness of vision coming from the moisture of the eye has the following reasons: the icy moisture changes its balanced composition - it thickens or becomes very liquefied, and it becomes painful for it to transmit light and bright colors. As for weakness of vision due to protein moisture, it occurs from a large increase in its quantity or from its compaction, and hence a decrease in its transparency. Or weakness of vision is caused by moisture and vapors that mix with the icy moisture and change its transparency; in fact, if external and extraneous fumes and smoke are harmful to it, then what about internal ones? All grains that cause bloating create steam and make vision difficult. As for the vitreous moisture, it harms vision not directly, but through the icy moisture, changing its balanced composition due to the receipt of unbalanced nutrition.

As for the disorder emanating from the hollow nerve, it is caused either by a blockage occurring in it, or by a tumor, or by a rupture.

Signs. A sign of that type of visual impairment in which the whole body is involved is what we have already reported about the signs indicating the nature of the whole body. With the weakness of vision in which the brain is involved, there are some signs indicating damage to the brain, and other senses are also damaged. This confirms the involvement of the brain. Sometimes only vision and smell are impaired, but not hearing, such as from a compressive blow to the front of the brain. It happens that the hearing remains in its usual state, but the eye remains open, cannot close its eyelids, but does not see.

The following signs are characteristic of pneuma: if pneuma is sparse and there is very little of it, then the eye sees close objects clearly, but not distant ones. If the optic pneuma is sparse and abundant, then the eye sees both near and distant objects very clearly. If the visual pneuma is excessively rarefied, then it cannot resist brightly luminous objects; on the contrary, brilliant rays suppress it and scatter it. And when it is thick and abundant, the eye is not powerless to see clearly in the distance, but it cannot see clearly near.

The reason for this, according to the followers of the ray doctrine, who assert that vision is achieved only by the ray leaving the eye and meeting it with a visible object, is that the movement of the ray into the distance thins its density and balances its essence; such an advance dissolves the rarefied pneuma so much that it loses its strength. For those who claim that the image of visible objects is transmitted by the transparent substance of the eye, the reason lies in another, namely, that looking into the distance increases the movement of icy moisture, and it rarefies the thick pneuma that resides in it, and completely dissolves the rarefied pneuma, especially if it's not enough. To establish which of these two judgments is correct is the business of philosophers, not doctors.

Determining visual impairment by the state of the membranes and moisture in depth, if there is no other data, is a difficult task. Sometimes they pay attention to the color of the membranes, to their swelling, tension, wrinkling, lethargy, to the small size of the eye due to its own reduction, to the state of moisture that pours onto the eye, to what seems to the eye to be hovering in front of it like a rainbow, or to the fact that what is dry and cloudy is noticed inside it and what is obvious outside; at the same time, sometimes the person in the eye is not visible, that is, the image of the one who looks into the eyes. Sometimes this indicates the condition of the cornea, sometimes the condition of the proteinaceous moisture; Such a person always seems to have fog in his eyes. If the clouding is noticeable only in front of the optic opening, but is not present in other parts of the cornea, then this indicates clouding of the protein fluid - then it is not transparent. If the cloudiness spreads to all parts of the cornea, then there is no doubt that it is in the cornea; it remains only in doubt whether the cloudiness is in the proteinaceous moisture or not.

Sometimes there is dryness in the protein moisture. This dryness leads to the fact that some parts of the protein moisture become denser and lose transparency, then in the visible object the patient sees one or more gaps. Sometimes it comes from traces of former pustules that are hidden in the cornea and causes the appearance of ghosts. People often mistake this for signs of cataracts, which it is not. As for constriction and dilation of the pupil, cataracts and conditions of the optic nerves, we will talk about them later. Know that any disorder that occurs from dryness is aggravated by fasting, by dissolving bodily exercises and by bowel movements, especially those done during the midday heat. And moisture disorder manifests itself in the opposite way.

Treatment. If the cause of weak vision is dryness, then cheese whey, moisturizers, milking the head and drinking it can be helpful. The head is lubricated with moisturizing oils, especially when dealing with convalescents. Sleep, rest, moisturizers administered through the nose, and especially water lily oil are helpful.

It is difficult to treat visual impairment caused by membranes. If visual impairment is caused by moisture, then absorbent agents should be used after bowel movement. Mild vomiting is useful, especially for old people; severe vomiting is very harmful. Gargles, nasal rinses, and sneezing inducers also help. For emptying, it is useful to drink castor oil and sabur infusion. It is very useful to use, especially before going to bed, some means that prevents the occurrence and rise of steam to the head, for example, small atrifula, exercise of the lower extremities, rubbing them is also useful.

If the cause of weakness of vision lies in the thickening of the optic pneuma, then the weakness is treated with cleansing medicines mentioned in the Eye sections of Book Two. When using acute medications, astringent medications should be used at the same time. Useful substances include washed tutia, flavored with either an infusion of marjoram, or mountain basil, or squeezed horsemint juice. Constant lubrication with hudad is very beneficial for the eye and maintains its visual power for a long time. Lubricating with pounded myrobalans and rose water helps a lot, especially when the moisture is thin and there is heat and itching. Useful ointments in this area include biles, which can be used on their own or in mixtures: bile of mountain partridge, bile of white falcon, carp, kite, bull, bear, hare, goat, crane, swallow, sparrow, fox, wolf, cats, greyhound dogs, mountain sheep. Bustard bile works especially wonderfully.

Healthy oils include castor bean oil, narcissus oil, laurel drupe oil and radish oil, as well as fenugreek oil, lily oil, marjoram oil and chamomile and medicinal chamomile oils. It is also good to rinse with mountain basil infusion. Good moderate remedies include the following: burn two nuts and thirty seeds of yellow myrobalans, grind and sprinkle one bowl of unground pepper and sprinkle it on the eye. Useful remedies also include the following: take the squeezed juice of sweet and sour pomegranate, boil it by half and remove from the heat, then add half the amount of honey, expose it to the sun and then consume. They also take the juice of both types of pomegranates, expose them to the sun for two months in the summer, then filter, add sabur, long pepper, ammonia, sometimes without ammonia, and grind until fine; For one rittl of juice they take three dirhams of other medicines and save them; The older this mixture is, the better.

Medicinal remedies include calamus with greater celandine, ground into powder. Lubricating with onion juice and honey is also useful. The ointment made from the bile of falcons and eagle is strong. They also take a copper board and pestle, drop a few drops of vinegar, one drop of milk and a drop of honey onto it, then rub it until it turns black and apply it to the eye.

Know that constantly eating baked or boiled turnips is something that strengthens the power of vision so much that it eliminates its previous weakness. If someone is able to eat viper meat, cooked in the same way as they cook for teryak and in the way explained in the chapter on leprosy, then this greatly preserves the health of the eye. The remedies that are good for old people and for those whose power of vision is weakened due to frequent copulation and the like include the following: take six parts of unwashed tutia, wine - as much as needed, balsam oil - more tutia, as needed; The tutia is ground and a little balsamic oil is added to it, then wine, then ground as required and consumed.

There is another remedy that is said to be so beneficial for the eyes and so strengthens them that a person can look at the body of the sun without harm. This remedy is as follows: take stone saphis, magnetite, achatis - and this is white alum - bloodwort, chamomile, pulegian mint, squeezed cachima juice - one part of each; A powder is prepared from this. Combing the hair on your head is also beneficial, especially for older people. You need to comb several times a day, because this attracts steam upward and removes it from the eye area.

Maintains eye health and strength by immersing yourself in clean water, dipping and opening both eyes underwater for as long as possible, especially at a young age. Anyone who complains of fumes from the stomach and the harm caused by moisture should take a decoction of bitter wormwood, sikanjubin with sea onions and anything else that softens and breaks off the excess in the stomach before eating.