Smolyanova Molotok

Smolyanov's hammer is a method developed by the Soviet neurophysiologist A.A. Smolyanov, which was used to study the activity of neurons in the brain of animals. The method is based on measuring the electrical activity of the brain, which can be recorded using a special device - an electroencephalograph.

Smolyanov developed this method in the early 20th century and used it to study brain function in animals. He discovered that the electrical activity of the brain can be associated with various states of the animal, such as sleep, wakefulness, hunger, etc.

The Smolyanov method has become one of the most popular methods for studying brain function in the USSR and beyond. It has been used to study many aspects of the brain, including memory, attention, perception and other functions.

However, despite its popularity, Smolyanov's method had its drawbacks. For example, it did not allow studying the activity of individual neurons, but only groups of neurons. Also, the method was quite labor-intensive and required a lot of time to analyze the data.

Today, Smolyanov's method is rarely used, but it continues to be an important tool for studying brain function.

Smolyanov made a significant contribution to the development of the physiology of the sense organs. A.A. Smolyanov discovered neurons in the gelatinous substance of the midbrain (Purkinje bodies) that suppress and cancel conditioned salivary reflexes. He also discovered intercalary inhibitory neurons of motor neurons.

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Konstantin Sigismundovich Smolyanov was born on February 27, 1878 - (or on May 1, 1880 - according to the metric record of 1901, St. Petersburg Cemetery of the Conception Stavropegic Convent (June 3/15, 1866-1943)) - Russian physiologist, professor of medicine (1913) . He is the author of fundamental scientific works in the field of theoretical medicine, physiology and pathophysiology. Konstantin Sigismund Smolyanov is named after the Polish academician Konstantin von Smolyan. In 1922, he became a corresponding member of the USSR Academy of Sciences in the Department of Physical and Mathematical Sciences (experimental physiology), in 1931 - a professor at the Leningrad Medical Institute, and in 1941 he was demobilized due to age. He died in February 1959 in the city of Leningrad (now St. Petersburg).

K. S. Smolyanov proposed the dynamic aspect of reflex theory in the form of the doctrine of the paravesomodynamic apparatus, which is the basis for the holistic control of human movements, and also developed the fundamentals of studying the reflex function of the spinal cord using experimental methods

Alexander Aleksandrovich Smolyanov is a Soviet neuroanatomist and brain researcher. He was awarded the Stalin Prize, second degree, for his work on the anatomy of the central nervous system. The greatest fame came from the scientific activity of Alexander Alexandrovich as the developer of a mechanical instrument for opening animal brains called a “hammer knife,” which became an indispensable means of obtaining anatomical material even before the advent of the microscope and other high-tech instruments. Alexander Smolyanov was also known for using his research to help develop prototypes of robot brains and computer vision.

Despite his achievements in the field of medicine and technology, Smolyanov had an unbalanced character and a penchant for violence. In his youth he sent two of his