Temporal Artery

The Temporal Artery, also known as the Temporal Artery, is the terminal branch of the external carotid artery. It plays an important role in supplying blood to the skin of the temporal, frontal and parietal regions, as well as the orbicularis oculi muscle.

The Temporal Artery Superficial comes from the external carotid artery, passing along the lateral surface of the head. It is located superficially, under the skin, and is therefore easily accessible for clinical examination.

The Temporal Superficial artery differs from other arteries of the head in that it does not have branches inside the cranial cavity. This means it can be used to obtain a biopsy for suspected diseases such as giant cell arteritis.

The Superficial Temporal Artery can also be associated with certain diseases such as arteritis, in which the artery is inflamed and may become painful and tender to the touch. Also, sometimes there may be a narrowing of the artery, which can lead to a deterioration in the blood supply to the brain.

In general, the Superficial Temporal Artery plays an important role in supplying blood to the skin and muscles of the head and can be used in clinical practice to diagnose certain diseases. Its availability for examination and biopsy makes it a valuable tool in medical practice.

The superficial temporal artery is the terminal branch of the external carotid artery and supplies blood to the skin of the temporal, parietal and frontal regions, as well as the muscles of the eyeball.

The artery begins from the external carotid artery at the point where it branches into the external and internal carotid arteries. It passes through the temporal bone and emerges on the surface of the skin of the temporal region. From there it runs along the temporal line, passing between the skin and the temporal process of the zygomatic bone.

In the temporal region, the artery supplies the skin and muscles, including the orbicularis oculi muscle, which is responsible for the up and down movement of the eyeball. In the parietal region, the artery provides blood supply to the skin and muscles of the head.

Diseases associated with the superficial temporal artery may include atherosclerosis, thrombosis, and arterial occlusion. These diseases can cause disruption of the blood supply to the skin and muscles, which can cause various symptoms such as pain, numbness, weakness and blurred vision.

To prevent diseases of the superficial temporal artery, it is recommended to lead a healthy lifestyle, monitor blood cholesterol levels, control blood pressure and undergo regular medical examinations.

Temporal superficial artery (Arteria temporalis superficialis)

The temporal artery (lat. arteria temporalis) enters the superficial temporal artery or the superficial temporal artery (lat. a. temporalis superficials) together with the great auricular nerve (lat. n. auricularis magnus) to the midline, not having complete division everywhere; below the middle it goes above the temporoparietal muscle (lat. musculus temporoparietalis).

In the upper section, the temporal artery is the terminal branch of the external carotid, in the posterior section it is the terminal branch of the internal carotid (or internal basilar), and the anterior section continues the intrathoracic branch of the common basilar artery. She gives a branch to the lacrimal gland - lacrimal (lat.

Temporal artery

***The superficial temporal artery*** (lat. *arteria temporalis superficialis*) is also called ***the artery of Nobile*** ***(arteria Noibeli) and the petrosal artery (arteriacutanea petrosa)*** and is one of the terminal branches ***external carotid arteries***. Despite the fact that the external carotid artery is one of the large blood vessels, it is relatively thin (circumference diameter is about 4-5 mm), but it is very strong and well developed in adults, especially in men.

__Main directions__ are the back of the head and neck. Only two branches depart from the external carotid, starting from the diameter, the arteries - ***temporal*** and *lingual*.

The temporal artery is completely intramuscular, which is its peculiarity and main distinguishing feature. It is located in front of the base of the skull in the fatty layer of the posterior part of the clivus and rises along with the cranial muscles. It passes very superficially in the fatty tissue behind the wing of the temporal bone, which cannot be seen during external examination. In men, the superficial branch is usually slightly longer than in women. Having left the dense muscle, part of the artery passes through the cheek to the temporal region of the facial skull. Then, at a height (in front of the site of the large opening of the temporal canal) into the temporal opening of the temporal fossa, it enters the groove* of the hanging bone, the posterior edge of which is covered by the supracranial muscles covering the bony skull. After this, the artery is located in the lateral part of the brain, where in the descending direction the intertensor recess and slightly deviating posteriorly from the longitudinal axis, it appears outside the cranium. This is the place to which the groove of Nobilla’s groove is attached at the point of the temporal branch of the posterior branch of the mandibular nerve and above it, already under the protection of the perichondrium, the temporal artery goes to the face, bending outside the place of the large opening of the temporal canal of the temporal cavity. Further, having passed the groove in the superolateral wall of the maxillary fossa of the premaxillary artery, the artery, through a branch of the superficial temporal artery, takes part in the blood supply to the ***masticatory muscle.***

**In case of vascular injuries immediately after their damage, reactive hyperemia occurs, pulsation in the damaged vessel itself worsens and/or disappears.** The formation of a blood clot is accelerated, the bleeding time is reduced. At the same time, the network around the vessels is destroyed, scars gradually form and changes occur in local tissues, and therefore blood stagnation occurs. The body, trying to protect tissues from necrosis, switches some of its resources from damaged tissues to healthy and viable areas. Thus, due to the mechanism of hypertrophy