Terminal Division Alveolar

Alveolar terminal section - (Latin terminus - “end” and alveolus - “hollow”) - a segment of the elastic organ, covered with a thin, delicate elastic membrane and containing air cells (alveoli), alveolar sacs and canals. Located on the back surface of the bee’s body and head, and in drones also on the middle surface on the side. Air cells carry out gas exchange between the outside air and the internal organs of the bee. One cell communicates with the proboscis cavity in the trachea through a hole, which in cross section has the shape of a circle. There are many very small (about 12 microns in diameter) cells in the pharynx. They form a smooth surface that facilitates the passage of food.

P. terminalis alvarius - refers to the upper excretory ducts of a large number of posterior salivary glands, opening on the dorsal side of the pharynx in the form of more or less long tubules ending blindly at the bottom of the oral cavity. The tubules take on all possible bends (crescent-shaped extensions) of both large and small excretory ducts and from them exit backwards and downwards into the oral cavity, where they end in small pores that have an oval or, less often, round shape and freely open into the tube surrounding the proboscis; outer skin sac. In bees, this method of ending the excretory ducts of a number of salivary glands is quite typical. A similar picture is observed in ants, wasps, and termites. In bees, a vertical fold of skin forms at the bottom of the mouth opening, which gradually becomes thinner and wider.

What is the end section? The term "tip" in medicine refers to one of the types of alveolar parts (pathways) of the bronchial respiratory system, which start from the tip of the bronchial tree and pass into the surface of the body. They are usually localized in certain parts of the chest, lungs or other organs.

The alveolar part of the bronchial system is a complex of branches and terminal openings of the bronchial tree located around the alveoli of the lung tissue. It serves to connect the air that passes through the bronchi with the lungs. The terminal openings of the alvelar part further pass to the surface of the body and form parts of the bronchial tract in various organs, including skin, muscles, ligaments, cartilage tissue and even skeletal bones.

What is the alveolar-terminal section needed for? The main function of the alveolar region is to eliminate waste cells and microorganisms (bacteria and parasites); neutralization of proteins, peptides and toxins; treatment of inflammatory processes; relief and prevention of complications of infections; alleviating shortness of breath and increasing blood circulation, etc.

Also, the end separation of the alveolar part is important in the context of the analysis of disease states associated with malignant neoplasms. Based on the type of change in the size and/or shape of the cells in the terminal section of the bronchi, specialists diagnose the oncological process and determine its extent of spread. Such information is extremely important for choosing treatment tactics and determining therapeutic options.

Diseases associated with impaired blood supply in the bronchioles (end airways) can cause: * cystic fibrosis (a common hereditary disorder); * bronchiolitis (inflammation of the airways) in children; * pneumonia (inflammation of lung tissue); * arrhythmias; * diseases of the circulatory system (hypertension).

Relief from pathologies that cause the process of airway blockage to begin is possible only with timely detection and treatment of the disease. Otherwise, the consequences may be fatal.