Thyroid Gland

The thyroid gland, also known as the thyroid gland, is a large endocrine gland located in the neck in front of the larynx. It consists of two lobes located on either side of the trachea, which are connected by an isthmus. Sometimes the thyroid gland may have a third lobe that extends upward from the isthmus. This gland plays an important role in regulating many body functions, such as growth, mental and physical development, as well as the speed of metabolic processes.

Structure of the thyroid gland

The thyroid gland consists of a large number of follicles, which are formed from a single layer of thyrocytes. Thyrocytes synthesize the protein thyroglobulin, which enters the follicle cavity and is part of the jelly-like colloid. The follicles contain thyroid hormones such as thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3). These hormones play an important role in regulating the body's metabolism.

Regulation of thyroid hormone secretion

The secretion of thyroid hormones is regulated by thyroid-stimulating hormone from the pituitary gland. Thyroid-stimulating hormone stimulates the thyroid gland to secrete hormones. When the level of hormones in the blood reaches a certain level, a feedback loop occurs, causing a decrease in the release of thyroid-stimulating hormone from the pituitary gland, which leads to a decrease in the release of thyroid hormones.

The role of iodine in the activity of the thyroid gland

Iodine is required for normal functioning of the thyroid gland. Iodine is an integral part of thyroxine and triiodothyronine. The body is not able to synthesize iodine on its own, so it must be obtained from food. In some areas of the world, iodine deficiency is a common problem, leading to the development of diseases associated with underfunction of the thyroid gland, such as goiter.

Use of thyroid hormone extract in medicine

Thyroid hormone extract can be used to treat underactive thyroid. This medication contains thyroid hormones, which help restore normal thyroid function. However, like any medication, it should only be prescribed by a doctor and taken as recommended.

In conclusion, the thyroid gland is an important organ that plays a key role in regulating many important functions in the body. Lack of iodine can lead to the development of serious diseases associated with insufficient thyroid function. Therefore, to maintain the health of the thyroid gland, it is necessary to provide it with sufficient iodine and undergo regular medical examinations.

**The Thyroid Gland** is a large endocrine secretory gland located in the front of the neck, it consists of two lobes connected by an anteroposterior gap and located in front of the larynx..

Each lobe of the gland consists of many follicles containing about 30 million follicles. Thyrocytes (epithelial cells) synthesize thyroid hormones. The thyroid glands require iodinated amino acids, which are necessary for the production of hormones.

Hormones control many of our body's functions, including heat production, metabolism, and energy metabolism. They are produced in the cells of the thyroid gland in the form of organic iodine with the chemical formula T3 (Triiodothyronine) combined with inorganic iodine, so additional iodine is required for its functioning. Iodine plays a key role in the reproductive process and procreation.

Thyrotoxicosis occurs when the content of the hormones T3 and T4 in the blood is excessive and exceeds the norm. Excess hormones affect many organs and systems, including the heart, nervous system, sweat glands, circulatory system, etc. Symptoms of thyrotoxicosis may include fatigue, sweating, insomnia, high blood pressure, tachycardia, irritability and depression, memory impairment, nervousness , a state of mania. Thyroxine is usually taken by people with hypothyroidism (when the production of thyroid hormones is reduced) or people over 65 years of age whose body is undergoing natural aging processes, which leads to a decrease in the production of thyroid hormones, as the level of sensitivity of the pituitary gland to the hypothalamus decreases. This is associated with increased mortality among older people and age-related disorders of the central nervous system.

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Thyroid gland

The thyroid gland is a large endocrine gland in the body that is located on the front of the neck, just behind the larynx (vocal cords). Typically, the thyroid gland consists of two symmetrical lobes. Each lobe has an isthmus connecting them, and glandular ducts (or “tubercles”) extend from each part of the lobe.

**First, how does the thyroid gland work?** If a specialist sees it as skin covered with pimples, then each “pimple” is a “follicle” that contains a cluster of thyrocyte cells. These cells are different from ordinary cells, larger in size, from 8 to 20 microns in diameter