Tracheoesophageal fistula

A tracheal fistula is a pathological anastomosis between the esophagus and the wall of the tracheobronchial tree, which is formed as a result of the inflammatory process of the respiratory system, the irritating effect of chemical and biological substances, and accidental damage to the tracheal wall by a foreign body or instruments.

Etiopathogenesis. An important role is played by infection and swelling of the mucous membranes of the bronchi, primary or metastatic inflammatory processes of the trachea and epithelial lining of the bronchial trunk, cicatricial narrowing. In this case, there is a progressive bulging of the membrane into the lumen of the esophagus with a violation of the integrity of the serous-mucous membrane and the gradual involvement of cartilaginous structures in the process. As a result, the terms tracheal siphon (laryngoesophageal fistula) or probe fistula have become widespread abroad. Noteworthy is the fact that among the population of Laos, Myanmar, and Senegal, tracheal fistulas are rarely recorded, but in India, fistulous tracts are observed more often, especially in children. This may be due to the widespread use of tracheotomy. It is important that the disease occurs predominantly in infants and older children. Tracheostomy operations require a careful and professional approach. Too rough manipulation of the posterior wall of the esophagus can lead to the formation of the so-called. “bronchoesophageal fistula” - or

Tracheoplastic fistula or esophageal-tracheal fistula, meseotracheoperitoneoesophageal, fistula between the trachea and the esophagus. From the report of I.K. Esipov about the first successful trachometer operation in the USSR (fistula of the trachea with the body of the lung) and about the slit fistula - one of the types of meseotrenic fistula, consisting of a cavity in