Trivalent

Trivalent: An overview of the concept and its significance

In the world of science and chemistry, the term "trivalent" refers to the important aspect of elements and compounds that have three valences. The term is a combination of the prefix "tri-" and the Latin word "valens", which means "strong" or "effective". Thus, trivalent substances have the ability to form three chemical bonds with other atoms or groups of atoms.

Chemical elements and compounds that can exist in a trivalent state play an important role in various fields of science and industry. For example, aluminum (Al) and its compounds such as aluminum oxide (Al2O3) are trivalent substances. Aluminum is widely used in the production of metals, building materials and electronics due to its unique properties and ability to form trivalent compounds.

Another example of a trivalent element is chromium (Cr) and its compounds such as chromates and dichromates. They are used in various fields including chemicals, pigments and catalysts. Trivalent iron (Fe) compounds are also widespread and play an important role in biological processes, as iron is an essential element for many enzymes and proteins.

The importance of trivalent substances also extends to the medical field. For example, trivalent antimonium (Sb) is used in the treatment of leishmaniasis, a dangerous infectious disease caused by protozoan parasites. Trivalent arsene (As) is also used in medications to treat certain forms of cancer.

Moreover, trivalent ions play an important role in the field of chemistry and materials. For example, trivalent rare earth ions are used in the production of various electronic devices, including televisions, computers and smartphones. They have the ability to efficiently transfer electrons and create unique light-emitting properties.

In conclusion, trivalent elements and compounds represent an important aspect of chemistry and science in general. Their unique properties and ability to form three chemical bonds make them valuable in various fields, including industry, medicine and materials science. Understanding trivalency and studying trivalent substances helps expand our knowledge of chemical reactions and create new materials with improved properties and functionality.

**Trivalent** are triply charged ions, which, other things being equal, gives the following chemical formula: *Trivalent atom - *metal in oxidation state *+3.* **Trivalent** *Manganese II/Mn²⁺/;

*Iron(II): FeSO4 - an iron salt with the formula FeSO4 is distinguished by the fact that it has an oxidation state of sulfur of +6, with +4 for other oxidation states of elements. The oxidation of Fe³⁻ → Fe²⁰ is carried out according to the scheme: Fe0 + 6e → Fe6²⁻ (elementary manganese); 2S²—6e+2O²—2 → S0 (sulfur). In this regard, the Fe(SO4)3 compound in an aqueous solution is unstable: it dissociates into oxides, in the form of which S⁴⁻ is easily oxidized.* Covalent bonds have the lowest energy, and ionic bonds have the highest energy. Therefore, hydrogen has an oxidation state of -1, as the weakest of chemical bonds, and its examples are the following compounds: (HCl)²¯, (CH₄)⁲, R₃N-⁷(