Pulmonary tuberculosis Disseminated

There are many diseases that can be fatal. However, pulmonary tuberculosis is one of the most dangerous and common diseases today. This disease is caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex bacteria and can lead to serious consequences, including death. One type of pulmonary tuberculosis is the disseminated form, which is characterized by the presence of multiple foci of infection throughout the body. In this article we will look at the features of disseminated pulmonary tuberculosis.

What is pulmonary tuberculosis

Tuberculosis is an infectious disease caused by mycobacteria (bacterium-like organisms). The disease is named after the causative agent of the disease “Koch bacillus”. They are related to the anthrax bacilli. Gram-negative, facultative anaerobic, nonmotile rods. They have a polysaccharide cell wall and capsule. Inside there are about 5-6 metabolically active coccoid, non-motile cells. In the outer shell there are a few grains from 6 to 25 - acid-resistant inclusions, which include glucoglycerol quinine-like lipoarabinomannan. (The cocci are permeated and have branches of the polysaccharide exoglycoside). These sticks are highly sensitive to heat and acids. Although they tolerate drying well. Destruction occurs only when heated. The body's immune response against these bacteria increases in the presence of any stress. Due to the increased release of endogenous pyrogens, in infectious diseases of chronic foci. And when the level of immunocompetent people in the body decreases, the microbacteria that cause tuberculosis can multiply more actively. With airborne and alimentary (through food and water) infections, a person gradually loses immunity and develops a tuberculosis infection. After the initial infection there is an incubation period. It ranges from 3 weeks to six months. Over time, bacteria begin to multiply in the alveoli (inner cells of the lungs) and lymph nodes. There are four periods of illness. Reactive, symptoms of intoxication increase; Asymptomatic or minimally symptomatic lasts up to one year; Secondary asymptomatic: temperature rises, cough and lethargy occur; The period of isolation of MBT rods (from two to three years). The course of the disease depends on the form of occurrence and phase of development. More often

The disease of pulmonary tuberculosis is infectious and allergic in nature and is caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

Disseminated pulmonary tuberculosis is detected in the form of foci of decay in the peripheral zone of the lungs. Previously, infiltration of the central parts of the lungs, lymphogenous or hematogenous dissemination occurred in 60% of cases. The frequency of bacterial excretion was up to 50%. The main risk factors for respiratory tuberculosis were the presence of concomitant pathology of the lower respiratory tract, drug addiction or alcohol abuse, living in dormitories or in places with unsanitary conditions.

Exacerbation of chronic tuberculosis is often observed. In most patients, the pathological process progresses, aggravating the course of the disease. In case of relapse, patients experience worsening of their condition, increased coughing, chest pain with deep breathing, increased sweating, increased body temperature, and disturbances in the cardiovascular, digestive or nervous systems. Worsening of the tuberculosis process often occurs during anti-tuberculosis treatment, so you should immediately inform your doctor. There are two forms of the disease - widespread and limited. The limited form is characterized by the appearance of one small focus of necrosis of the lung tissue. In the common form, multiple foci of decay are located throughout the entire area of ​​the lungs. Intensification of symptoms occurs both when inhaling through the mouth and when exhaling. These include shortness of breath, suffocation, cough (mostly dry, hacking), chest pain, stiffness on the back or under the shoulder blade, and fever.