Tumors of the Nasal Cavity and Paranasal Sinuses

Tumors of the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses are a rare type of tumor, accounting for only about 0.5% of all tumor manifestations. Among them, the most common is squamous cell carcinoma, which occurs in 80% of cases. Another type of tumor called esthesioneuroblastoma, which originates from the olfactory neuroepithelium, also occurs.

Tumors of the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses can cause a variety of symptoms. One of the main symptoms is impaired nasal breathing, which can be caused by a tumor blocking the nasal passages. Patients may also experience facial swelling, purulent nasal discharge, eyeball displacement, and pain.

Localization of tumors can occur both in the nasal cavity and in the maxillary sinuses. A combination approach is usually used to treat such tumors. It involves surgery combined with radiation and chemotherapy.

Surgery may vary depending on the characteristics of the tumor, its location and stage of development. In some cases, it may be necessary to remove the tumor through the nasal passages, avoiding the need to make incisions on the face. In more complex cases, access through the facial bones may be necessary to remove the tumor.

Radiation therapy, which involves the use of X-rays or gamma rays, may be given before or after surgery. This helps destroy residual cancer cells and prevent tumor recurrence. Chemotherapy, including the use of drugs such as adriablastin, cisplatin, cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, fluorouracil and prospidine, can be used to kill cancer cells or shrink tumors before or after surgery.

In general, the treatment of tumors of the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses requires an individual approach, taking into account the characteristics of the tumor, the stage of the disease and the general condition of the patient. Early consultation with a doctor and timely diagnosis of a tumor play an important role in successful treatment and prognosis for the patient.