Veins Pericardial

**Pericardial veins** are one of the large veins that is located in the pericardial cavity of the heart and carries blood from the individual chambers of this organ. The pericardium is the serous membrane surrounding the heart and is formed by the connection of the inner serous membrane of the pericardial cavity with the chest wall. The pericardial cavity is divided by a septum into two equal sections - upper and lower. Venous blood entering the pericardial cavity through the epicardial veins passes through the inner surface of the septum and flows into the right hollow sinus. The right pericardial vein is a tube 2 cm long and 8 mm in diameter. It divides at the end into two parts, forming 4 distal branches - the right superior vein and the lower two right veins. The vein begins from the region of the retrosternal fossa anterior to the middle-right third of the thoraco-abdominal aorta. In the lower third, the right heart crosses the fourth left intercostal space and ends in the lower two right veins, which descend slightly down the posterior surface of the right ventricle and empty into the internal jugular vein. The superior pericardial vein connects with the oblique left anterior gastroepiploic vein, which is the terminal branch of the coronary vein, and, together with its other terminal branches, enters the right cardiac hilum.

Venous drainage from the right atrium cavity occurs into two right veins: the right inferior vein and the superior pericardial vein. The right inferior veins descend along the anterior wall of the right