Wire Loop Phenomenon

The wire loop phenomenon is a pronounced thickening of the basement membranes of the glomerular capillaries. As a result of this thickening, under microscopy, the capillaries of the renal glomeruli have the characteristic appearance of wire loops.

This phenomenon is one of the most important morphological signs of lupus nephritis - kidney damage in systemic lupus erythematosus. Thickening of the basement membrane of the glomerular capillaries occurs due to the deposition of immune complexes in it. This leads to impaired filtration function of the kidneys and the development of chronic renal failure.

Thus, the wire loop phenomenon is a specific morphological sign of kidney damage in systemic lupus erythematosus. Its detection during histological examination allows us to establish a diagnosis of lupus nephritis and promptly begin adequate treatment.

**Loop-wire phenomenon** is a marked thickening and swelling of the basement membranes that makes the capillaries passing through the glomeruli appear like wire loops on microscopic examination. This phenomenon is a sign of lupusnephritis, a disease characterized by chronic inflammation of the kidneys caused by autoimmune processes in the body. Such research allows us to better understand the pathophysiology of the disease and determine possible treatment options and prognosis for patients. In this article we will look at the features of the wire loop phenomenon, its clinical and laboratory manifestations, as well as the possible causes of its occurrence, since this disease is still not fully understood.

Clinical manifestations Symptoms of the wire phenomenon include the following: - Pain in the lower back and pelvis. - Change in color of urine and blood. - Increased body temperature and fatigue. The wire phenomenon can occur when damage to the blood vessels of various organs and tissues of the body leads to changes in the structure of the blood capillaries. In the kidneys, such changes occur during chronic inflammation, which is accompanied by thickening of the basement membranes and structural changes in these capillaries in the form of wire loops. Clinical symptoms of wire phenomenon resemble interstitial nephritis and manifest as low back pain, changes in the color of urine, increased body temperature and weakness. In addition, this phenomenon may be associated with diseases such as heart failure, diabetes and other chronic diseases.

Wire phenomena may be useful in determining the severity of renal damage and assessing response to treatment. When carrying out immunosuppressive therapy (medicines that reduce the activity of the immune system), after the manifestation of the loop phenomenon, there is usually a tendency to regression. However, further tests, such as a kidney biopsy, should be performed for an accurate diagnosis. Laboratory manifestations

Examination of the kidneys using a microscope, which shows a loop of wire,