Wpw-Syndrome

Wolff-Parkinson-White (WPW) syndrome: Features, diagnosis and treatment

Wolff-Parkinson-White (WPW) syndrome, also known as Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome, is a rare electrophysiological disorder of the heart. This syndrome is characterized by the presence of an additional electrical pathway between the atria and ventricles of the heart, known as the accessory bundle of Kent. This pathway produces abnormal electrical impulses that can cause cardiac arrhythmias, such as fast heart rhythms (such as tachycardia).

Features of WPW syndrome:

1. Accessory bundle of Kent: The main feature of WPW syndrome is the presence of an additional electrical path between the atria and ventricles of the heart. This pathway, called the accessory bundle of Kent, bypasses the heart's normal impulse control system and can cause abnormal electrical signals.

2. Symptoms: Symptoms of WPW syndrome can range from subtle to severe. Some people may not experience any symptoms, while others may experience episodes of fast heart rate, palpitations, shortness of breath, dizziness, or fainting. Seizures can be unpredictable and can occur during physical activity or at rest.

3. Diagnosis: Electrocardiography (ECG) is usually performed to diagnose WPW syndrome. The ECG may show characteristic signs such as a shortening of the P-K interval or the presence of characteristic waves known as “delta waves.” Additionally, stress tests or wearable heart rate monitoring devices may be performed to detect arrhythmias.

4. Treatment: Treatment for WPW syndrome depends on the symptoms and the risk of serious complications. Patients without symptoms usually do not require treatment. If symptoms are present or there is a high risk of developing cardiac arrhythmias, drug therapy or ablation procedures may be required. Kent's accessory bundle ablation is an effective treatment method that involves destroying the accessory pathway using high-frequency electrical current.

5. Prognosis: Most patients with WPW syndrome have a favorable prognosis. Treatment and symptom management can usually help maintain a normal heart rhythm and prevent serious complications.