Retinal Diseases

Retinal diseases

What rods and cones are was explained to us back in school. These are special cells in the eyes that can sense light. The rods are sensitive to blue-green color and help to navigate at dusk. Cones perceive the entire visible region of the spectrum and are responsible for color vision. Information from them goes to nerve cells, which transmit it to the brain along the optic nerve. All these cells are located on the inner surface of the eye and form the retina.

Retinal diseases include:

1. Circulatory disorders in the retinal vessels
2. Dystrophies of the central and peripheral parts
3. Retinal detachment from the choroid

Causes of damage:

1. Systemic diseases (diabetes, atherosclerosis, etc.)
2. Eye diseases (myopia, inflammation)
3. Injuries
4. Congenital changes
5. Stress, surgery, poisoning

Changes are often associated with impaired blood supply to the retina. Hemorrhages, swelling, and damage to the optic nerve appear. Inflammation and retinal detachment may also develop.

Main symptoms:

1. Loss of vision
2. Sparks and "fog" before the eyes
3. Loss of visual fields
4. Headache, dizziness

Diagnosis includes vision testing, fundus examination, ultrasound, angiography. Treatment depends on the cause. Timely surgical intervention for detachments is important. Prevention - treatment of systemic diseases and prevention of eye injuries.