How juices are generated

Know that food is somewhat digested by chewing. This occurs because the surface of the mouth is connected to the surface of the stomach Moreover, they seem to represent one surface therefore the mouth has digestive power.

When chewed food is exposed to this power of the mouth, the latter slightly modifies it she is helped in this by saliva, which, being mature, has an innate warmth. This explains why chewed wheat is more conducive to the ripening of boils and rashes than crushed or boiled wheat. It is said that the proof that some ripeness has appeared in chewed wheat is that it loses its original taste and original smell.

Then, when food enters the stomach, it undergoes complete digestion not only due to the warmth of the stomach, but also due to the warmth of the organs located either to the right of the stomach, that is, the liver, or to the left of it, that is, the spleen, and the spleen does not heat due to its substance , but thanks to the many arteries and veins located in it. Heat can come from the front - from the fatty omentum, which, due to the presence of fat in it, quickly receives heat and conducts it into the stomach, as well as from above - from the heart, through its heating of the abdominal barrier.

When food is first digested, it turns into chyle - in many animals on its own, and in most - with the help of food and drinks mixed with it. Chyle is a fluid substance, similar in softness and whiteness to a thick decoction of peeled barley or a decoction of unpeeled barley. After this, the liquid part of the chyle is carried away from the stomach, as well as from the intestines, and rushes through vessels called masarika - and these are thin, compacted vessels connected to all the intestines. Walking along these vessels, chyle is directed to a vessel called the “porta of the liver,” and penetrates the liver through the internal parts and branches of the “gate,” which gradually become smaller and thinner, like hairs. These hairs meet the mouths of parts of the root of the vessel emerging from the tubercle of the liver. Nothing conducts chyle with us. through these narrow passages, except for the excess water in nature, drunk beyond what the body needs.

When the chyle disperses through the fibers of these vessels, it appears as if the entire liver is receiving all the chyle. Therefore, the liver acts on chyle most quickly and powerfully. At this time, the chyle is cooked. When such a substance is boiled, something like foam and something like sediment always forms. If the chyle is cooked for too long, then sometimes something like a burn is formed, and if it is not cooked enough, then a kind of unripe substance is formed. The foam is yellow bile and the sediment is black bile, both of which are natural. The liquid part of the burn is bad yellow bile, the thick part is bad black bile both are unnatural, and the unripe substance is mucus. As for the mature substance that is filtered out of this entire composition, it is blood. However, the blood, after it has been in the liver, is more fluid than it should be, due to the excess water required for the reason mentioned above. But when this substance, that is, blood, is separated from the liver, it, being separated, is freed from excess moisture, for moisture was needed for a certain reason, which now no longer exists. Water is carried away from the blood through a vessel descending to the kidneys, and carries with it blood in such quantity and quality as is suitable for nourishing the kidneys. The fatty and bloody part of this moisture serves as food for the kidneys, and the remainder is carried into the bladder and into the urethra.

As for the blood, which is good in composition, it rushes through a large vessel emerging from the tubercle of the liver and goes through the veins branching from it, then along the vein canals, then along the canal streams, then along the nipples of the streams, then along the fibrous, hairy vessels , and then seeps from their mouths into the organs of establishment of the glorious, omniscient. The efficient cause of blood is balanced warmth the material cause of blood is a balanced amount of good food and drink the formal cause of blood is a good degree of maturity and the final cause of blood is the nourishment of the body.

As for bile, the effective cause of it, if it is natural bile, that is, the foam of blood, is balanced warmth, while the effective cause of burnt bile is fiery, excessive heat, especially in the liver. Its material reason is liquid, warm, sweet, fatty and spicy foods its formal reason is maturity, close to excessive, and its final reason is the necessity and benefit mentioned above.

The effective cause of mucus is insufficient warmth, the material cause is thick, wet, viscous, cold foods. The formal reason for it is a lack of maturity, and the final reason is the necessity and benefit mentioned above.

The effective cause of black bile, if it is sedimentary bile, is balanced heat, and if it is burnt out, then heat that exceeds the balanced one. Its material cause is coarse, thick, unimportant foods Hot foods of this kind have a stronger effect. The formal cause of black bile is a precipitate formed due to one of two circumstances: either it is not fluid or it does not dissolve. The ultimate reason for black bile is the need and benefit mentioned above.

Black bile multiplies due to the warmth of the liver, weakness of the spleen, due to strong cold that thickens the juices, due to constant constipation or due to frequent, long-term illnesses from which the juices disappear. And when there is a lot of black bile and it stops between the stomach and liver, then because of this the generation of blood and good juices decreases, and blood becomes scarce.

You should know that heat and cold are, along with other reasons, the cause of the generation of juices. But balanced heat gives birth to blood, excess heat gives birth to yellow bile, and very excessive heat gives birth, through strong combustion, to black bile. Cold produces mucus, 9 and very excessive cold produces, through strong thickening, black bile.

However, along with active forces, passive forces should also be taken into account. It should not be assumed that every nature gives birth to something similar to itself and does not give birth to anything opposite to itself - if not in essence, then by accidental properties. Nature often happens to generate the opposite for itself: thus, a cold, dry nature generates extraneous moisture not due to similarity, but due to weakness of digestion. In this case, the person is skinny, with flabby joints, timid, cowardly, soft and cold to the touch, with narrow veins. It is similar to this that old age gives rise to mucus, although in reality the nature of old age is cold and dry.

You should know that blood and what flows with it in the veins are digested for the third time, and when the blood is distributed to the organs, then a fourth digestion must occur in each organ. The residues from the first digestion, which takes place in the stomach, are excreted through the intestines the remainder of the second digestion, which occurs in the liver, is excreted in large part in the urine, and the rest through the spleen and gall bladder. The waste of the remaining two digestions is excreted by imperceptible dissolution and sweat, as well as with dirt, some of which comes out of visible passages, such as the nose and ear canal, or invisible ones, such as the pores in the human body, as well as from unnatural openings, such as burst tumors , and from what grows on the body, such as hair and nails. Know also that a person whose juices are liquid weakens from their eruption people whose natural orifices are wide experience a decrease in strength due to their wideness, since the dissolution of juices causes weakness, and liquid juices easily dissolve and erupt. And what easily erupts and dissolves, when dissolved, easily takes with it pneuma, which also dissolves.

Know that just as there are reasons for the generation of these juices, there are reasons for their movement. Movement and hot things in the body move the blood and yellow bile, and sometimes they move the black bile and strengthen it. However, rest is enhanced by mucus, as well as some types of black bile. A person's ideas also move the juices. So, for example, blood moves when looking at red things Therefore, a person suffering from nosebleeds is forbidden to look at anything that has a red glow.

That's all we will say about juices and their origin. As for the objections of people who dispute the correctness of our words, this concerns not doctors, but philosophers.