Biotechnology

Biotechnology is a science that deals with the development of technologies based on the study of living organisms and the use of their properties and functions to create new materials, products and systems. Biotechnology is an interdisciplinary field that combines biology, chemistry, physics, mathematics and other sciences to create products and systems using processes occurring in living organisms. Biotechnology is based on the capabilities of living cells, including bacteria, fungi, plants and animals, and includes many scientific and technical approaches such as genetics, biochemistry, molecular biology, ecology, bioinformatics, microelectronics, etc. These approaches are widely used in the production of drugs, biosensors, green technologies and genetically modified products. One of the most well-known applications of biotechnology is the production of pharmaceuticals, where certain compounds are created based on the genes of bacteria, fungi or animal DNA. The precursor molecule binds to matrix proteins, after which they are reconstructed and converted into biologically active substances such as hormones, antibiotics or vitamins. In some cases, genes are inserted into plant cells or animal cell lines to produce products with new properties. Such biotechnological production is based on knowledge of biochemistry, microbiology and genetic engineering. Examples of biotechnologies used to create products include the use of bacteria to treat wastewater, produce