Abortion, Miscarriage

Abortion, Miscarriage (Abortion) - expulsion (removal) of an embryo or fetus from the uterus at a stage of pregnancy when it is not yet capable of independent survival (that is, in the first 24 weeks of pregnancy). Symptoms of threatened abortion are usually complaints of abdominal pain and bleeding from the uterus, but the fetus in this case remains alive; as soon as the fetus dies, it is inevitably expelled from the uterus. In an incomplete abortion, parts of the fetus or placenta remain in the uterus. Abortion can be spontaneous or artificial, occurring as a result of taking a number of medications or due to the influence of various factors on the woman’s body (termination of pregnancy). Habitual (or recurrent) abortion is characterized by three or more consecutive spontaneous terminations of pregnancy up to 20 weeks, when the weight of the fetus does not exceed 500 grams. In 10-15% of cases, habitual abortion is a consequence of one or another pathology of the development of the uterus (especially if the woman has a bicornuate uterus or isthmicocervical insufficiency). Terminating a pregnancy, or even attempting to terminate a pregnancy, is a crime in the UK if it is carried out outside the limits permitted in the Abortion Regulations 1967 and its subsequent amendment 1991. Two doctors must confirm that termination of pregnancy is necessary due to one of the reasons specified in this Regulation, and the termination procedure itself must be carried out in a specialized hospital or clinic. Medical termination of pregnancy involves the use of drugs such as mifepristone with or without added prostaglandins (eg gemeprost). Surgical methods of terminating pregnancy include vacuum extraction of the embryo or fetus through an intrauterine cannula, dilatation and curettage, as well as cleansing the uterus from the remains of the fetus in it. In the early stages of termination of pregnancy, the risk of complications after an abortion is low, but after the 13th week of pregnancy it increases significantly. People who are not related to medicine distinguish abortion itself from spontaneous abortion (miscarriage) that occurs in later stages of pregnancy, because an abortion is done by a woman deliberately with the aim of terminating a pregnancy, and they rather attribute a miscarriage that occurs in later stages of pregnancy to to a random phenomenon. Doctors also recognize the validity of this approach.

Abortion and miscarriage are two terms associated with the termination of pregnancy. Abortion is the deliberate removal of an embryo or fetus from the uterus at a stage of pregnancy when it is not yet capable of independent survival. A miscarriage occurs when a pregnancy is terminated on its own, without the woman’s participation.

Symptoms of threatened abortion are usually complaints of abdominal pain and bleeding from the uterus, but the fetus in this case remains alive; as soon as the fetus dies, it is inevitably expelled from the uterus. In an incomplete abortion, parts of the fetus or placenta remain in the uterus. Abortion can be spontaneous or artificial, occurring as a result of taking a number of medications or due to the influence of various factors on the woman’s body (termination of pregnancy).

In some countries, including the UK, termination of pregnancy is prohibited by law if it is carried out beyond the time limits permitted in the Abortion Regulations 1967 and its subsequent amendment 1991. Two doctors must confirm that termination of pregnancy is necessary due to one of the reasons specified in this Regulation, and the termination procedure itself must be carried out in a specialized hospital or clinic.

Medical termination of pregnancy involves the use of drugs such as mifepristone with or without added prostaglandins (eg gemeprost). Surgical methods of terminating pregnancy include vacuum extraction of the embryo or fetus through an intrauterine cannula, dilatation and curettage, as well as cleansing the uterus from the remains of the fetus in it.

In the early stages of termination of pregnancy, the risk of complications after an abortion is low, but after the 13th week of pregnancy it increases significantly. People who are not related to medicine distinguish abortion itself from spontaneous abortion (miscarriage) that occurs in later stages of pregnancy, because an abortion is done by a woman deliberately with the aim of terminating a pregnancy, and they rather attribute a miscarriage that occurs in later stages of pregnancy to to a random phenomenon. Doctors also recognize the validity of this approach.

Habitual (or recurrent) abortion is characterized by three or more consecutive spontaneous terminations of pregnancy up to 20 weeks, when the weight of the fetus does not exceed 500 grams. In 10-15% of cases, habitual abortion is a consequence of one or another pathology of the development of the uterus (especially if the woman has a bicornuate uterus or isthmicocervical insufficiency).

However, termination of pregnancy is a complex ethical and medical issue that causes much controversy and debate in society. Some people believe that abortion is a crime against innocent life, while others believe that it is a woman's personal right to decide what to do with her body and her pregnancy.

There are many factors that can influence a woman's decision to have an abortion, including financial, social, medical and psychological reasons. Some women may decide to terminate a pregnancy because they are not ready for motherhood or cannot financially support a child. Others may face medical problems that make pregnancy dangerous to their health or life.

It is important to note that termination of pregnancy is a medical procedure that should be carried out in specialized medical institutions using modern methods and means to minimize risks to the woman’s health. In addition, women who choose to terminate a pregnancy should receive adequate support and assistance, including medical, psychological and social assistance.

In conclusion, termination of pregnancy is a complex issue that generates a lot of emotion and debate in society. It is important to remember that this is a personal decision for each woman and that she should have access to safe, quality health care if she decides to terminate her pregnancy.

**Abortion and miscarriage**: two different procedures and two different reasons.

**Abortion** is the removal of an embryo from the uterus until the moment when the child is able to survive outside it. However, this can occur at different stages of pregnancy: in some cases it occurs before the first trimester, in others in the second or later. In any case, **abortion is a medical intervention** that can be carried out voluntarily or for medical reasons.

In turn, **miscarriage** is a spontaneous termination of pregnancy. It occurs in the second trimester of pregnancy and can sometimes occur in the third trimester. Miscarriages are not always associated with medical interventions and can be caused by various factors such as age, a previous pregnancy, infections or hormonal imbalances.

Thus, **abortion is a procedure performed with the help of medical intervention**, and miscarriage is an accidental occurrence that