Adhesion, Adhesion

Adhesion, Adhesion is the process of joining two different surfaces, which can occur under different conditions. One example is the formation of adhesions between intestinal loops after abdominal surgery.

When an area becomes inflamed or traumatized, fibrous connective tissue can form on the surface of various structures, such as the surface of joints. This helps keep the structures in place and prevent them from tearing or moving. However, if the formation of fibrous tissue occurs in the wrong place, it can lead to limited movement and even various diseases.

After wounding, the process of adhesion may be necessary for wound healing. Depending on the type of wound, primary or secondary adhesion may occur. During primary adhesion, the edges of the wound fit tightly to each other, and very little granulation tissue is formed. With secondary adhesion, the edges of the wound are connected using granulation tissue.

It is important to note that adhesion can be both a beneficial process and a problem. For example, the formation of adhesions after surgery may prevent intestinal rupture, but may limit digestion and cause pain and discomfort. In the case of wound healing, adhesion can speed up the healing process and prevent infection, but at the same time it can cause scarring and distortion of tissue structure.

In addition, adhesion can be the cause of various diseases, for example, intestinal obstruction or restriction of contractions of the heart muscle. Therefore, in case adhesion becomes a problem, medical intervention may be required to correct it.

Overall, adhesion is an important process for wound healing and maintaining tissue integrity. However, its possible negative consequences may require medical intervention to eliminate it and restore normal tissue function.

Adhesion is the process of joining two different surfaces through the formation of fibrous connective tissue. This process can be caused by inflammation or injury, and it can occur between moving joint surfaces or between organs and tissues within the body.

After abdominal surgery, such as appendectomy or intestinal resection, adhesions may occur between loops of intestine. However, although adhesions may restrict bowel movement, they do not usually lead to complete obstruction. If adhesions occur in the pericardium or pericardium, this can limit the contraction of the heart muscle and lead to serious health problems.

The wound healing process may also be accompanied by adhesion. During primary adhesion, the wound edges have virtually no granulation tissue, which usually forms after surgery. Secondary adhesion, on the contrary, occurs with the participation of granulation tissue and provides a more reliable connection of the wound edges.

Adhesion plays an important role in the human body and can influence many processes, including wound healing, the functioning of internal organs and joints. Therefore, understanding the mechanisms of adhesion and its regulation may be important for the development of new methods for the treatment and prevention of various diseases.

Adhesion and cohesion in medicine

Adhesion is the joining of two dissimilar solid materials or surfaces to each other. It is one of the main physical phenomena of contact between two surfaces. The term "adhesion" originated from cellular studies, where it was shown that there is constant contact between cells. Then the concept of “adhesion” was transferred to the intercellular level, and then to human organs and the animal world. There is evidence that flukes and parasites do not have interstitial junctions, because without adhesion the cycle of parasitic development is impossible. In humans, the interstitial junction is represented by a layer of connective tissue and cellular matrix, which ensures the attachment and separation of cells, their nutrition and the formation of tissues and organs. Adhesion is also called tissue interpenetration.

The mechanical basis of adhesion is the ability of contact between cells and intercellular substances through the participation and interaction of intercapillary bridges of different shapes and degrees of hyalinization between cell processes and contact-active intercellular substances.

Contact between intercellular substances is carried out due to connective tissue elements. The latter is directly connected to the plasma membrane of the cell. Adhesion processes occur at the interface between the membranes of contacting cells by connecting their cytoskeleton particles and forming contacts with a predominance of chemical bonds. In the cytoplasm there are adhesive structures of a macromolecular and protein nature that interact with similar structures of another cell or drug. Intercellular connections depend on many factors - the area of ​​contacting surfaces, the difference in charges of their structural elements, and the viscosity of the medium. The amount of adhesion depends on the density and condition of the intercellular fluid and the immobilization of the membrane. Both sides of intercellular connections have rigid and elastic characteristics, elastic properties, durable and hydrophilic properties. An indicator of these properties are the coefficients of tension and interfacial resistance to deformation, shear, exfoliation and cell permeability, the structure of the tissue as a whole, regulation and function of the organ. It has been noted that heterogeneous, weakly vascularized connective tissue provides the greatest degree of adhesion. This ensures a regulated supply and redistribution of nutrients. Immunocompetent cells actively participate in the processes of regulation of immunogenesis. The cellular composition of connective tissue influences the formation of physiological rhythms of the immune system. The morphofunctional heterogeneity of tissues ensures normal immune stability, allows one to inhibit degenerative or hyperplastic changes and restore the morphological structure of tissues and, accordingly, homeostasis in general.