Allostatic graft

Allostatic grafts (Greek allo – other, different, + Greek stasis – standing, establishment) are transplantation materials that are not identical in their properties and characteristics to the recipient’s tissues. They can be obtained from other tissues or organs, as well as from artificial materials such as ceramics, plastic or metal.

Allostatic grafts have their advantages and disadvantages. On the one hand, they may be more accessible than homostatic ones, which may reduce the cost of transplantation. In addition, they may have better biocompatibility with recipient tissues, which may reduce the risk of rejection.

However, allostatic grafts may also have their disadvantages. For example, they may have less strength and resistance to mechanical stress than homostatic ones. This can cause the graft to wear out faster and require replacement.

In addition, allostatic grafts may trigger an immune response in the recipient, which may lead to complications such as inflammation or rejection.

In general, the choice between a homostatic and allostatic graft depends on many factors, including the availability of the material, its properties, the experience of the surgeon, and other factors.

Organ transplantation is one of the most complex and responsible operations in modern medicine. Donors are not always suitable for organ transplantation, and not all patients have the opportunity to select them. In this regard, an allostastic graft was developed.

Alloplasty and autoplasty are fundamentally different types of transplantation in their meaning and structure. Their difference lies in the fact that autoplasty involves the transplantation of tissues (organs) from the same individual belonging to one population, while alloplasty means the transplantation of tissues from another individual - a representative of a different population. Otherwise, the transplants could cause infectious diseases.

Transplantation is a procedure in which a part of the body or organ is transplanted from one organism to another to eliminate a specific disease or improve the functions of the body.\n\nTransplantations have been known since ancient times. Since the advent of the medical system, organ and tissue transplants have been widely used in the treatment of the wounded and sick to eliminate many serious human diseases. The goal of treatment through organ transplantation is to eliminate a serious disease that cannot be treated with traditional methods. Transplantation is the transplantation of a diseased organ or tissue in order to replace a foreign or healthy organ of the patient. Transplantation can also be used as a means of identifying rare genetic diseases. Transplantations can be performed through direct surgery, egg, embryo, or stem cell transplantation. For example, identical twins have the same number of chromosomes (homologous set), but completely different proteins in their DNA (autosomal set). Thus, their proteins will differ. This can be used in medicine to create cellular drugs, for example, to obtain a specific drug protein from a blastocyst to treat immunodeficiency caused by a disorder of the body's autoimmune system. But due to the fact that blastoistics has so far been little studied, autorecruitment can only be obtained from donor embryos.\n\nThe immune barrier is the area where the body’s immune system protects the body from foreign viruses and cells, preventing the proliferation of viruses and disease in immune-competent individuals ( for example, human) cells. In healthy parts of the body, the immune barrier is designed so that the body does not react to its own cells (autologous) or foreign cells, provided they are slightly similar (allogeneic) and in small quantities. Allogeny is also called heterology. Such reactions are usually considered useful for combating viruses and genetically distorted cells formed when their normal division is disrupted (atypical).\n\nThe first transplantation took place in 1967. Approximately 13 patients had all 4 major blood types and healthy blood markers, which was necessary for surgery. An allograft was made from a two-stage surgery without the use of heart bedioacidase. The first transplantation of this allograft was performed on a deceased person whose heart had been removed from another. The deceased patient lived for seven days before developing a rejection reaction that led to his death. The second patient with a normal circulatory system died sixty days after surgery, and the third rejection occurred after eighteen days. the patient survived. The fourth operated patient died 24 days after the transplant from blood incompatibility.\n\nFurther experiments were carried out on animals, including humans. The patient Mr. F., an Englishman, had his right arm removed due to a massive infarction of the arm due to a vascular occlusion that could not be removed by reconstruction. He was given a prosthetic part of the arm, to which a new part of the arm was attached to the border between the prosthesis and normal human tissue. However, after 7 months there was a relapse at the level of the border between normal bone composition and