Antibody

Antibody: what is it and why is it needed?

An antibody is a specific protein that is produced by the body in response to the appearance of a foreign substance in the blood or tissues. It is part of the immune system and plays an important role in protecting the body from infections and other harmful influences.

How does an antibody work?

Antibodies are produced by protein cells called B lymphocytes, which detect foreign molecules called antigens. When an antigen enters the body, it stimulates B lymphocytes to multiply and produce large quantities of antibodies specifically targeting that antigen.

Antibodies have a structure that allows them to precisely bind to an antigen and block its action. They can form complexes with antigens and neutralize them, and can also participate in the destruction of infected cells and other foreign structures.

Why are antibodies needed?

Antibodies play a key role in protecting the body from bacteria, viruses, fungi and other infectious agents. In addition, they help prevent allergic reactions and autoimmune diseases.

Vaccines, which contain small amounts of antigens, can stimulate the body to produce antibodies, allowing it to fight infection more quickly and effectively if exposed to it in the future.

How to measure antibody levels?

The level of antibodies in the blood can be measured using special tests. These tests can be used to diagnose infections, monitor the effectiveness of treatment, or assess a person's immune status.

In conclusion, antibodies are an important part of the immune system and play a key role in protecting the body from infections and other harmful influences. Understanding how they work and how they can be measured can help diagnose and treat various diseases, as well as develop new drugs and vaccines.