Билиурия (Biliuria), Холурия (Choluria)

Biliuria and choluria are terms used to describe a condition in which bile pigments are present in the urine. They can be caused by various reasons, such as diseases of the liver, gallbladder or biliary tract.

Biliuria is a condition in which bile is excreted from the body through the kidneys. This can be caused by a variety of reasons, including gallstones, liver disease, or urinary tract infections. If bile pigments are not eliminated from the body, they can accumulate in the kidneys and cause kidney damage.

Holuria is a condition in which bile is released from the intestines. This can happen with intestinal diseases, such as ulcerative colitis or Crohn's disease. If bile is not cleared from the intestines, it can enter the bloodstream and cause jaundice.

Both conditions can lead to serious health consequences, so it is important to see a doctor for diagnosis and treatment. Diagnosis may include a blood test for the level of bile pigments, ultrasound of the liver and gallbladder, as well as other research methods. Treatment may include medication, surgery, or lifestyle changes.

It is important to remember that biliuria and choluria can be symptoms of more serious diseases, so you should not delay seeing a doctor.

**Biliuria and choluria** are fairly common laboratory syndromes, although in the everyday practice of doctors of various specialties they are encountered quite rarely. However, due to the increasing number of cases of diagnosing cholestasis, and in some cases its treatment at the outpatient clinic level of the medical service, specialists from laboratory services

What are biliuria and choluria?

**Biliuria** or the presence of bile pigment in the urine is a condition where bile enters the kidneys and is excreted in the urine. Typically, bile pigments are excreted in bile through the intestines, but under some conditions they can enter the blood and then into the kidneys, causing biliuria.

One such condition is gallstones, in which gallstones can block the flow of bile, leading to a buildup and increased levels of pigments in the blood. Also, the cause of biliuria can be mechanical damage to the kidneys due to injuries or kidney stones, which can disrupt the process of filtering bile pigments.

Another cause may be cirrhosis of the liver, which can lead to high blood cholesterol levels and increased bile production. As a result, bile acids cannot be filtered effectively by the liver and some of them enter the blood, which can lead to conjugation with glucuronic acid, the formation of bile pigments and their excretion in the urine - a process known as choluria.

In addition, biliuria can be caused by hemolytic anemia, liver diseases (eg, hepatitis C) and obstructive biliary tract diseases. In any case, these conditions require urgent medical intervention, since biliuria leads to a deterioration in the patient’s general condition and complications in the functioning of many organs and systems.