Bleeding

Bleeding is an increased tendency to bleed or bleed. The most noticeable manifestations of bleeding are subcutaneous hemorrhages (bruises, bloody rashes).

The ability of blood to clot depends on many factors: the condition of the vascular wall, the number and functionality of platelets, the content of proteins and salts in the blood (clotting factors). Platelets participate in blood clotting by constricting blood vessels at the site of injury and sticking together to form a blood clot. Plasma factors trigger a chain of biochemical reactions leading to the formation of a clot.

Causes of bleeding:

1. Hereditary diseases
2. Allergic reactions
3. Exposure to bacterial toxins
4. Vitamin C deficiency
5. Decrease in the number and functional activity of platelets
6. Lack of plasma coagulation factors

Clinical manifestations:

1. Subcutaneous hemorrhages and bloody rashes
2. Heavy and prolonged menstruation
3. Bleeding from injuries
4. Spontaneous nasal and gastrointestinal bleeding

The treatment for bleeding is determined by the doctor. It is important to avoid injuries, follow a diet rich in vitamins C, K and P. Ascorbic acid preparations, rutin, vikasol, and herbal infusions are prescribed. Hemophilia and other severe forms are treated with injections of clotting factors.

Bleeding is a tendency of tissues of the human body, which are characterized by the appearance of relatively low-intensity and prolonged bleeding after damage to the superficial and deep layers of the skin or mucous membrane due to rupture of blood vessels.

Severe bleeding is a strong and rapid increase in blood flow from blood vessels or even a breakthrough of large trunks into soft tissue. Heavy bleeding usually quickly leads to life-threatening consequences. There are three types of severe bleeding: - Loss of more than 20% of blood flow due to injury can lead to collapse. If the lesion reaches the internal organs, which lose a significant amount of blood, death occurs from shock. Such extensive arterial bleeding is complicated by the development of anoxemia, which consists of mixed ischemic-resorptive damage to the brain, heart and lung tissues by the blood. - Severe loss of blood (more than 30%) in a short period of time inevitably leads to a collapse state. Patients suddenly develop pallor of the skin and mucous membranes and a feeling of suffocation. At the same time, cold sweat appears. Autotraumatic hemorrhage, which occurred almost instantly, is accompanied by life-threatening dissociation of electrolyte systems, paralysis of the respiratory center, requiring immediate first aid in the emergency surgery department. Heavy arterial bleeding is often observed in oncohematology clinics during exacerbation of myeloid leukemia in cancer patients.

Bleeding is a tendency to prolonged and weak bleeding associated with a violation of the blood clotting process or increased permeability of the walls of blood vessels. Bleeding can be caused by a variety of reasons, including injury, surgery, inflammation, infection, liver and kidney disease.