Centrosome

The centrosome is usually located near the cell nucleus and plays a critical role in the process of mitosis, or cell division. It consists of three main components:

1. A diplosome is a pair of centrioles, which are two cylindrical structures located perpendicular to each other.

2. The centosphere is a translucent substance in which the diplosome is immersed.

3. Aster is a ray formation of filaments emanating from the centosphere. Aster plays an important role in the process of mitosis, ensuring the movement of chromosomes to the poles of the dividing cell.

Thus, the centrosome coordinates the process of cell division, ensuring the correct distribution of genetic material between daughter cells. Its structure and functions are of fundamental importance for the normal course of mitosis and maintaining the integrity of the chromosome set.

The centrosome is a complex organelle that is found in eukaryotic cells and is responsible for organizing the cytoskeleton and microtubules. It is the center of cell orientation and movement, and is also involved in cell division and spindle formation.

The centrosome consists of two parts: microtubules and centrioles. Microtubules form a scaffold that supports the cytoskeleton and allows cell movement. Centrioles are centers for organizing microtubules and are responsible for the formation of the spindle during cell division.

Depending on the type of cell and its function, the centrosome may have a different structure and composition. For example, in eggs and sperm there are no centrosomes, but in animal and plant cells they are present.

The functioning of the centrosome depends on many factors, including the availability of nutrients, hormones, and other factors. If the centrosome malfunctions, this can lead to various diseases and pathologies, such as cancer, diabetes and others.

Thus, the centrosome is an important organelle in eukaryotic cells, which plays a key role in the organization of the cytoskeleton, cell division and other processes. Understanding its role and functions can help in the development of new methods for treating various diseases and pathologies.

In my description of the term centrosome, I will rely on the Biology Dictionary site for biology at Duke University Dictionary of Biology. The word “Centrosome” comes from the merger of two words: “center” and “body” (Greek) - not all sources contain the word “body” in the formulation of this name.

The centrosome (central body or centrosphere) can be found in absolutely all multicellular organisms without exception, be they mammals, birds, amphibians or insects. Even single-celled organisms also have their own centrosome. In its shape, the centrosome is a double-stranded DNA, which is surrounded by a special layer of protein molecules, and is called the plasma body. Below are some common functions of the centrosome.

* Microtubule formation

This is one of the main mechanisms by which cells can grow. Thanks to cell division, the division of daughter cells is ordered and occurs evenly throughout the cell. As a result of this division, new cells are formed, and the first ones are thrown out. Cell division is common to all human tissues. New cells are obtained from old ones by their proliferation, the center of this process is microtubules. During cell growth in a new area, the centrosome divides into two parts - each of them will be located at different ends of the daughter cell. After this, the old cell falls apart and splits into two new ones, but the old ones will always be so closely connected with the new particle that they will continue to depend on it and are considered its derivative. It is thanks to microturbines that the centrioles will begin to make their moves in the cell and distribute segments of chromosomes to its parts, since as the cell grows, one part of the chromosomes is concentrated around the old one, the other around the new one, and the third around the centrioles, towards new cells. In addition, chromosomes pass one way or another through the centrosome, transferring the daughter part of this structure from the first section of the chromosome to the second section of the daughter chromosome. And all this is quite simply realized inside the cell through the process of splitting the material of the oldest cell.

By the way, thanks to its own forces of attraction and repulsion on each side of the centrosome, it plays the role of a particle characterized by a gravitational pole, forming and organizing the plasma phase.

In addition to separating chromosomal segments and distributing them to daughter cells, centrioles perform other functions in the cell, such as controlling the movement of the cell relative to the environment and accelerating division. Cell movement is carried out due to the movement of microtubules - cell growth occurs continuously. Because of this, this process is irreversible. Of course, we can assume that the cell is capable of directional movement after its appearance, then during the rotation of the centrifuge this cell would continue to spin, but its center would always be as close as possible to its border relative to the external environment. In practice, the growth of new cell parts