Cystoma

Cystomas are malignant tumors arising from the walls of the bladder.

Depending on the nature of the location, cystomas are distinguished between transitional parenchymal and transitional cell. In the first case, cancer cells move to the walls of the bladder from the muscle layer, in the second, they destroy the entire mucous membrane without moving to the muscle layer. The blood supply to malignant cysts is provided by the ureters or cystic arteries. Histologically, the tumor consists of typical cells replacing normal superficial cells of the mucosa.

Pathology of the urinary organs is most often diagnosed accidentally. A distinction is made between primary cystoma, which develops from the superficial layer of the mucosa, and secondary cystoma, which occurs against the background of chronic cystitis or hydrocele. Cystoma is found at any age - from newborns to the elderly. Cysts associated with the bladder quickly metastasize. They are usually located isolated or pericystally, less often they metastasize through the lymphogenous or hematogenous route.

Predisposing factors are not fully understood. Among them are chronic inflammatory processes in the bladder, metabolic disorders, congenital anomalies, changes in hormonal status, viral infections (for example, exposure to the human papillomavirus). Unsuccessful operations on the urinary system, inflammatory degeneration of a bladder diverticulum, and nephropathy can cause the appearance of a cyst. They are observed in people who are promiscuous and who use drugs.

The symptoms of a bladder tumor are similar to any other, and are rather mild. In the vast majority of patients this