Conglutinins

Conglutinins are protein substances (globulins) contained in the blood serum of horses and cattle. Protein globulins in the blood are involved in the phenomenon of coagulation, that is, in the gluing of red blood cells when mixed with blood.
Conglutinin consists of two fractions: α- and β-globulins. Their molecular weight is about 200 kDa and 100 kDa, respectively. The α-globulin fraction contains immunoglobulins, which play an important role in protecting the body from foreign agents and bacteria. The β-globulin fraction also contains immunoglobulins and other proteins such as factor XIII, which is involved in the blood clotting process.
The blood of a healthy person contains about 15% conglutinin, and in people with a compromised immune system, for example, with HIV infection, the level of conglutinin can be much higher. This is due to the fact that the immune system reacts to the appearance of foreign proteins and begins to destroy them. As a result of this process, conglutinins are also destroyed, which can lead to a decrease in the level of protective antibodies in the blood and a deterioration in the body's immune defense.
However, conglutinin may be useful in diagnosing certain diseases. For example, elevated levels of this protein may indicate the presence of autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis or systemic lupus erythematosus. In addition, the conglutinin test is used to diagnose HIV infection and other viral diseases that can cause elevated levels of this protein in the blood.

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