Diagnosis Functional

Functional Syndrome

Functional impairment syndrome (FPS syndrome) is a widespread and most common diagnostic category that unites a wide range of pathological conditions of various etiologies, the presence of pathological changes in organs and systems, most often not based on clinically significant anatomical dysfunction. The etiology and causes of occurrence in most cases remain unclear, which makes FPS syndrome one of the most complex and difficult to diagnose and treat diseases [1].

Causes of functional syndrome

Functional syndromes develop under the influence of a combination of various factors, including an unfavorable lifestyle. Taking into account the pathogenetic significance or predominance of the causative factor, individual variants of AF can be divided into:

 Related to human adaptation to changes in external environmental conditions;

- Caused by functional pathological conditions that can occur in a healthy person. Often functional disorders are caused by an organic disease, but the symptoms that occur in a functional syndrome are determined by it, and not by the existing pathological process (for example, pain in the spine with chronic gastritis and gastric ulcer is not typical for this disease).

These forms of functional impairment are more often found in young and able-bodied people than in older and disabled people. It is advisable to apply the prerequisites for the diagnosis and treatment of functional diseases caused by adaptation processes in outpatient and sanatorium conditions. To identify signs of organic damage, it is necessary to conduct a comprehensive examination of the patient. According to international statistics, the frequency of detection of functional disorders in healthy people ranges from 4 to 25%.

Diagnosis of functional disease

The diagnosis of a functional disorder can be made by a doctor when symptoms of the disease without physical abnormalities are detected using specialized laboratory and instrumental equipment. Diagnosis is possible in the presence of such signs as: pain; dizziness; disturbance of sensitivity (numbness, tingling sensation, crawling); cognitive impairment; psychomotor disorders. Symptoms may appear without the presence of any other infectious, allergic, neurological diseases or conditions. When carrying out diagnostic measures, it is extremely important to differentiate the disease from organic diseases and conditions. In the arsenal of medical science today there are a huge number of methods and techniques for confirming the diagnosis of a functional disorder. Laboratory and instrumental examination is used both for an objective and accurate assessment of pain syndrome in functional disorders, and its effect on existing chronic diseases of another profile. Using laboratory tests, it is impossible to determine the finer details of their occurrence and development, however, all methods and tools differ in their information content for clarifying one or another component of the process.

Testing and detection of functional abnormalities

There are special tests and techniques designed to identify the causes of functional disorders. In the practice of a neurologist, one can notice a special area of ​​application of these methods - identifying early signs of stroke. This is necessary in order to provide timely treatment and prevent the progression of speech disorders and its complexity during the recovery process. The medical complex of diagnostic techniques in neurology and studies of the motor and sensory spheres of the central nervous system includes: Electroencephalogram; Magnetic resonance imaging;

Functional diagnosis (d. Functionalis)

A functional diagnosis is a medical concept that means a state of the body in which its organs and systems work properly, but no obvious disturbances in their functioning are detected. In such cases, the patient is said to be in a functional state and there is no need to carry out any special medical procedures to treat them. However, if the patient continues to experience discomfort or other health symptoms, then they should consult a doctor for further examination and treatment.

Functional diagnosis always places emphasis on symptoms rather than on factors in the environment or the health of the patient. It is important to note that functional diagnoses can be made at any stage of the disease. These include:

- Symptoms of a chronic disease that do not appear during the acute period of the disease. For example, pain, fatigue or visual disturbances, which usually occur with a chronic illness. - Changes in the functions of organs and systems that occur gradually and do not affect their usual activities. For example, decreased visual acuity caused by disease of the oculomotor nerve.

On the other hand, functional diagnoses differ from ordinary clinical diseases because their treatment is to eliminate symptoms and make life easier for the patient, rather than complex therapy, which may not lead to complete recovery.

The formation of a functional diagnosis must be carried out only on the basis of confirmed medical research data and a comprehensive analysis of pathologies and conditions. It may be related to several factors, for example:

1. Physiological factors. Such as age-related changes in organs and systems, decreased immune response, etc. 1. Psychological factors. Including psychosomatic aspects of the impact on the body. For example, stress, depression or anxiety can affect the functioning of the cardiovascular system or gastrointestinal tract. 1. Hereditary factors. They are associated with the genetic characteristics of the patient and require additional research to identify their role in the development of pathologies.

It is important to note that some conditions can be classified as functional because they do not have obvious organ dysfunction, but can later progress to serious pathological conditions. For such cases, there is a special medical procedure that helps to identify disorders and begin treatment in a timely manner.