Emphysema Localized

**Localized pulmonary emphysema.** Emphysema is a lesion of the lung tissue, characterized by an irreversible restructuring of the structure of the interalveolar septa with the penetration of air into the layers of connective tissue. Emphysematous lesions of the pulmonary acini can be combined with dystrophy of the pulmonary vessels and atrophic changes in the bronchial tree. These manifestations together form a complex pathological complex. At the microscopic level, the process is manifested by damage to the terminal bronchioles, like pneumosclerosis, damage to capillaries, hypersecretion of mucous cells, atrophy of alveolar epithelial ciliated cells. The pathogenesis of emphysema development has not been sufficiently studied. It can be considered as a multifactorial evolution of the destruction of the acinus with atrophic, destructive and dystrophic changes in the area of ​​the airborne barrier and, in addition, as a violation of intrathoracic pressure - from the bronchopulmonary system and from the pleura - from the cardiovascular system. Clinically, with pulmonary emphysema, characteristic changes in breathing, noise and percussion sound in the lungs, and a deterioration in the condition of patients are manifested. Diagnosis is based on clinical symptoms, chest X-ray examinations and a number of other additional methods. Therapy for localized emphysema is possible using surgical and conservative methods, the latter being more effective. For patients with a localized form of emphysema, systematic monitoring by a pulmonologist and a general practitioner is recommended for timely detection of dangerous complications.

Emphysema is a disease in which fluid accumulates in the lungs, leading to decreased volume and impaired function. Treatment of this disease can be complex and lengthy, as it can have different causes.

Emphysema is not localized everywhere