Pleural empyema Parapneumonic

Parapneumonic pleural empyema is an inflammation of the pleural cavity that occurs as a result of the spread of infection from the lungs into the pleural cavity. This condition can be caused by various reasons such as pneumonia, tuberculosis, lung abscess and other lung diseases.

Symptoms of parapneumonic pleural empyema may include chest pain, cough with sputum, shortness of breath, fever and general malaise. If left untreated, this condition can lead to serious complications such as lung abscess or pneumothorax.

For the treatment of parapneumonic pleural empyema, antibiotics are usually used, which are selected based on the sensitivity of microorganisms to antibiotics. Other treatment methods may also be used, such as drainage of pleural fluid, surgery, etc.

In general, parapneumonic pleural empyema is a serious disease that requires timely treatment. It is important to see a doctor if symptoms of this disease appear to avoid serious complications.

Pleural empyema is an inflammatory process that affects the parenchyma of the chest and leads to the formation of an accumulation of pus or other pathological contents in the pleural cavity. Parapneumonic empyema is one of the most common forms of pleural empyema.

**Clinical picture.** Parapneumonic empyema most often affects people over the age of 50 years. Typically, the disease develops under the influence of inflammatory processes occurring inside the lungs or organs located in the chest. Pus accumulates in the cavities and alveoli, which leads to deterioration of breathing and the general condition of the patient. Parapneumonia is accompanied by a cough

Pleural emphysema develops as a result of the accumulation of exudate in the pleural cavity or detachment of the visceral layer of the pleura from the parietal layer (violation of the integrity of the pleural layers). The development is based on a bronchopulmonary inflammatory process, in which infectious agents penetrate into the pleural cavity most often through the diaphragm.

**Diagnostics** Diagnosed using a chest x-ray. If necessary, additional examinations are prescribed in the form of ultrasound examination of the abdominal organs and/or excretory urography. Differential diagnosis is carried out with exudative pericarditis and hydrothorax. Treatment is surgical. The prognosis for life is favorable. Rehabilitation after the intervention is limited to a period of incapacity for work of 2–3 weeks.