Fascia Jagodichnaya

Fascia in anatomy and human physiology. Fascia of the gluteal region

**Pelvic fascia -** complex wide intermuscular connective tissue plate that extends from the sacrum to the ischial tuberosity. This trunk covers the left and right deep muscles of the hip joint, the gluteus minimus

The small group fascia lies in the subcutaneous tissue in front of the muscle attachment site. The gluteus maximus and minimus muscles and the external and internal cutaneous muscles are distinguished. Makes up the wall of the femoral canal. The gluteus maximus muscle (m. gluteus maximus) starts from the sacrum and goes proximally downwards. The gluteus minimus muscle consists of two parts, the anterior (upper) part descends from the fascia lata of the thigh through the iliac crest. The posterior (lower) part begins on the greater adductor muscle of the femur and attaches to the greater trochanter of the femur. The external cutaneous muscle originates from the outer surface of the greater trochanter of the femur and runs down along the lateral border of the surface of the thigh. The internal cutaneous muscle runs from the inside of the gluteal tuberosity of the femur downwards and inserts below the iliac crest on the ilium.

The fascia of the gluteal region is fibers and sheaths of connective tissue origin that are located between the muscles and the skin. The main task of fascia is to protect muscle tissue, align the position of the joint and strengthen the skeletal structure, increase mobility and flexibility of the joint. According to the classification, the fascia of the buttock is divided into groups - pear-shaped, transverse fascia, unpaired large, paired small. They also include the aponeurosis - an element of the abdominal wall that connects the abdominal muscles and spine into a single support block. The aponeurosis thickens, and this area of ​​skin becomes a fold that makes up the so-called apron. The function of fascia is to connect muscle fibers to tissue as tightly as possible, preventing them from rubbing against each other during work.

The largest are the pair of minor and major ischial fascia. The small ones are responsible for connecting and holding the fibers of the buttocks and genitals. The piriformis is located inside the femur and includes several elements that provide fixation of the muscles, their balancing and joint rotation of the hip joint. This area helps redistribute the load on the hips and core muscles, especially in the case of joint subluxation, knee dislocation or femoral ligament ruptures.

The transverse fascia is fixed in the lower part of the spine and takes on part of the load of the lumbar region, distributing it between the back and buttocks. In combination with the muscle layers, it ensures the coordinated functioning of the pelvic floor organs. This group is a strong support structure for the thigh muscles, promoting their rapid recovery after intense exercise or injury and regulating their function and tone level. Thus, the sartorius muscle is located on the anterior region of the gluteal fascia minor, and the pectineus and semimembranosus muscles are located on the posterior region. The gluteal fascia major is separated from the gluteal fascia minor, providing reliable support for significant power loads, which is why it is used in athletic sports.

The relationship between the fascial structures of the pelvic region, the features of their structure and condition largely determine